Explanation: A recent study using a health claims database demonstrated that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United States is close to 1 million. This prevalence is even more than previously suspected as older estimates suggested that 400,000 adults were living with MS in the United States. In this study, a north-south decreasing prevalence gradient was seen with the northeast region being the highest. It is unclear if this gradient is secondary to differences in sun exposure and vitamin D levels or other environmental triggers.
Explanation: It is known that throughout pregnancy estrogen and progesterone levels increase (not decrease) especially during the second and third trimester. This increase may play some protective role, although, this is not entirely clear. The T-helper cell 1 [Th1] phenotype is associated with an inflammatory response and a Th2 cell phenotype is associated with an anti-inflammatory response. In pregnancy, a shift from Th1 (inflammatory) to Th2 (anti-inflammatory) state has been observed. More studies are needed to understand what other immune cells are doing throughout pregnancy.
Explanation: There was no relapse reduction with DMT’s. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended.
Explanation: Several studies indicate a reduction in length of stay when an interprofessional team approach to care is used.
Explanation: It has been reported that GnRh agonists and antagonists may increase MS activity – with agonists being most likely to provoke this activity.
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