Request for Course Selection Changes (2025-2026)

ADA1O: Drama, Grade 9 (Open - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course provides opportunities for students to explore dramatic forms and techniques, using material from a wide range of sources and cultures. Students will use the elements of drama to examine situations and issues that are relevant to their lives. Students will create, perform, discuss, and analyze drama, and then reflect on the experiences to develop an understanding of themselves, the art form, and the world around them.

AMU1O: Music, Grade 9 (Open - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course emphasizes the creation and performance of music at a level consistent with previous experience and is aimed at developing technique, sensitivity, and imagination. Students will develop musical literacy skills by using the creative and critical analysis processes in composition, performance, and a range of reflective and analytical activities. Students will develop an understanding of the conventions and elements of music and of safe practices related to music, and will develop a variety of skills transferable to other areas of their life.

AVI1O: Visual Art, Grade 9 (Open - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course is exploratory in nature, offering an overview of visual arts as a foundation for further study. Students will become familiar with the elements and principles of design and the expressive qualities of various materials by using a range of media, processes, techniques, and styles. Students will use the creative and critical analysis processes and will interpret art within a personal, contemporary, and historical context.

 

ADA2O: Drama, Grade 10 (Open - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course provides opportunities for students to explore dramatic forms, conventions, and techniques. Students will explore a variety of dramatic sources from various cultures and representing a range of genres. Students will use the elements of drama in creating and communicating through dramatic works. Students will assume responsibility for decisions made in the creative and collaborative processes and will reflect on their experiences.

AMU2O: Music, Grade 10 (Open - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course emphasizes the creation and performance of music at a level consistent with previous experience. Students will develop musical literacy skills by using the creative and critical analysis processes in composition, performance, and a range of reflective and analytical activities. Students will develop their understanding of musical conventions, practices, and terminology and apply the elements of music in a range of activities. They will also explore the function of music in society with reference to the self, communities, and cultures.

AVI2O: Visual Art, Grade 10 (Open - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course enables students to develop their skills in producing and presenting art by introducing them to new ideas, materials, and processes for artistic exploration and experimentation. Students will apply the elements and principles of design when exploring the creative process. Students will use the critical analysis process to reflect on and interpret art within a personal, contemporary, and historical context.

BEP2O: Launching and Leading a Business, Grade 10 (Open - Business Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite:None) This course introduces students to the world of business and what is required to be successful, ethical, and responsible in today’s economy. Students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to be an entrepreneur who knows how to respond to local and global market opportunities. Throughout the course, students will explore and understand the responsibility of managing different functions of a business. This includes accounting, marketing, information and communication technology, financial management, human resources, and production.

FSF2D: Core French, Grade 10 (Academic - French as a Second Language) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: FSF1D/ FSF1P) This course provides opportunities for students to communicate in French about personally relevant, familiar, and academic topics in real-life situations with increasing independence. Students will exchange information, ideas, and opinions with others in guided and increasingly spontaneous spoken interactions. Students will develop their skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing through the selective use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. They will also increase their understanding and appreciation of diverse French-speaking communities, and will develop skills necessary for lifelong language learning.

ICD2O: Digital Technology and Innovations in the Changing World, Grade 10 (Open - Computer Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course helps students develop cutting-edge digital technology and computer programming skills that will support them in contributing to and leading the global economic, scientific and societal innovations of tomorrow. Students will learn and apply coding concepts and skills to build hands-on projects and investigate artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and other emerging digital technologies that connect to a wide range of fields and careers. Using critical thinking skills with a focus on digital citizenship, students will investigate the appropriate use and development of the digital technologies that they encounter every day, as well as the benefits and limitations of these technologies.

LWSBD: Spanish, Level 1 (Academic - Classical Studies & International Languages) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This introductory course is designed to enable students to begin to develop competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the language of study. Students will participate in interactive activities in which they can apply their language skills to communicate with native speakers of the language. They will explore aspects of culture in regions of the world where the language is spoken, including formal and informal forms of address, naming practices, family life and relationships, and celebrations. 

PPL2O: Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 10 (Open - Health & Physical Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course enables students to further develop the knowledge and skills they need to make healthy choices now and lead healthy, active lives in the future. Through participation in a wide range of physical activities, students develop knowledge and skills related to movement competence and personal fitness that provide a foundation for active living. Students also acquire an understanding of the factors and skills that contribute to healthy development and learn how their own well-being is affected by, and affects, the world around them. Students build their sense of self, learn to interact-positively with others, and develop their ability to think critically and creatively.

 

Reach Ahead Courses

BAF3M: Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Business Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and ethics and current issues in accounting.

CHA3U: American History, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Canadian & World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: CHC2D/ CHC2P) This course explores key aspects of the social, economic, and political development of the United States from precontact to the present. Students will examine the contributions of groups and individuals to the country’s evolution and will explore the historical context of key issues, trends, and events that have had an impact on the United States, its identity and culture, and its role in the global community. Students will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating various forces that helped shape American history.

CHW3M: World History to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Canadian & World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: CHC2D/ CHC2P) This course explores the history of various societies and civilizations around the world, from earliest times to around 1500 CE. Students will investigate a range of factors that contributed to the rise, success, and decline of various ancient and pre-modern societies throughout the world and will examine life in and the cultural and political legacy of these societies. Students will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating social, political, and economic structures and historical forces at work in various societies and in different historical eras.

HRT3M: World Religions and Belief Traditions: Perspectives, Issues, and Challenges, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Social Science & Humanities) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course provides students with opportunities to explore various world religions and belief traditions. Students will develop knowledge of the terms and concepts relevant to this area of study, will examine the ways in which religions and belief traditions meet various human needs, and will learn about the relationship between belief and action. They will examine sacred writings and teachings, consider how concepts of time and place influence different religions and belief traditions, and develop research and inquiry skills related to the study of human expressions of belief.

TGJ3M: Communications Technology, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Technological Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course examines communications technology from a media perspective. Students will develop knowledge and skills as they design and produce media projects in the areas of live, recorded, and graphic communications. These areas may include TV, video, and movie production; radio and audio production; print and graphic communications; photography; digital imaging; broadcast journalism; and interactive new media. Students will also develop an awareness of related environmental and societal issues, and will explore college and university programs and career opportunities in the various communications technology fields.

ADA3M: Drama, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: ADA1O/ADA2O) This course requires students to create and perform in dramatic presentations. Students will analyse, interpret, and perform dramatic works from various cultures and time periods. Students will research various acting styles and conventions that could be used in their presentations, and analyse the functions of playwrights, directors, actors, designers, technicians, and audiences.

AMU3M: Music, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: AMU1O/AMU2O) This course provides students with opportunities to develop their musical literacy through the creation, appreciation, analysis, and performance of music, including traditional, commercial, and art music. Students will apply the creative process when performing appropriate technical exercises and repertoire and will employ the critical analysis processes when reflecting on, responding to, and analysing live and recorded performances. Students will consider the function of music in society and the impact of music on individuals and communities. They will explore how to apply skills developed in music to their life and careers.

AVI3M: Visual Art, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - The Arts) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: AVI1O/AVI2O) This course enables students to further develop their knowledge and skills in visual arts. Students will use the creative process to explore a wide range of themes through studio work that may include drawing, painting, sculpting, and printmaking, as well as the creation of collage, multimedia works, and works using emerging technologies. Students will use the critical analysis process when evaluating their own work and the work of others. The course may be delivered as a comprehensive program or through a program focused on a particular art form (e.g., photography, video, computer graphics, information design).

BAF3M: Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Business Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and ethics and current issues in accounting.

BMI3C: Marketing: Goods, Services, Events, Grade 11 (College Preparation - Business Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course introduces the fundamental concepts of product marketing, which includes the marketing of goods, services, and events. Students will examine how trends, issues, global economic changes, and information technology influence consumer buying habits. Students will engage in marketing research, develop marketing strategies, and produce a marketing plan for a product of their choice.

CHA3U: American History, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Canadian & World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: CHC2D/ CHC2P) This course explores key aspects of the social, economic, and political development of the United States from precontact to the present. Students will examine the contributions of groups and individuals to the country’s evolution and will explore the historical context of key issues, trends, and events that have had an impact on the United States, its identity and culture, and its role in the global community. Students will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating various forces that helped shape American history.

CHW3M: World History to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Canadian & World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: CHC2D/ CHC2P) This course explores the history of various societies and civilizations around the world, from earliest times to around 1500 CE. Students will investigate a range of factors that contributed to the rise, success, and decline of various ancient and pre-modern societies throughout the world and will examine life in and the cultural and political legacy of these societies. Students will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating social, political, and economic structures and historical forces at work in various societies and in different historical eras.

CIE3M: The Individual and the Economy, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Canadian & World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: CHC2D/ CHC2P) This course explores issues and challenges facing the Canadian economy as well as the implications of various responses to them. Students will explore the economic role of firms, workers, and government as well as their own role as individual consumers and contributors, and how all of these roles contribute to stability and change in the Canadian economy. Students will apply the concepts of economic thinking and the economic inquiry process, including economic models, to investigate the impact of economic issues and decisions at the individual, regional, and national level.

ETC3M: Canadian Literature, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - English) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: ENG2D/ENG2P) This course emphasizes the study and analysis of literary texts by Canadian authors for students with a special interest in Canadian literature. Students will study the themes, forms, and stylistic elements of a variety of literary texts representative of various time periods and of the diverse cultures and regions of Canada, and will respond personally, critically, and creatively to them.

FSF3U: Core French, Grade 11 (University Preparation - French as a Second Language) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: FSF2D) This course offers students extended opportunities to speak and interact in real-life situations in French with greater independence. Students will develop their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, as well as their creative and critical thinking skills, through responding to and exploring a variety of oral and written texts. They will also broaden their understanding and appreciation of diverse French-speaking communities, and will develop skills necessary for lifelong language learning.

HRT3M: World Religions and Belief Traditions: Perspectives, Issues, and Challenges, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Social Science & Humanities) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course provides students with opportunities to explore various world religions and belief traditions. Students will develop knowledge of the terms and concepts relevant to this area of study, will examine the ways in which religions and belief traditions meet various human needs, and will learn about the relationship between belief and action. They will examine sacred writings and teachings, consider how concepts of time and place influence different religions and belief traditions, and develop research and inquiry skills related to the study of human expressions of belief.

HSP3U: Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Social Science & Humanities) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: ENG2D/CHC2D) This course provides students with opportunities to think critically about theories, questions, and issues related to anthropology, psychology, and sociology. Students will develop an understanding of the approaches and research methods used by social scientists. They will be given opportunities to explore theories from a variety of perspectives, to conduct social science research, and to become familiar with current thinking on a range of issues within the three disciplines.

ICS3U: Introduction to Computer Science, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Computer Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course introduces students to computer science. Students will design software independently and as part of a team, using industry-standard programming tools and applying the software development life-cycle model. They will also write and use subprograms within computer programs. Students will develop creative solutions for various types of problems as their understanding of the computing environment grows. They will also explore environmental and ergonomic issues, emerging research in computer science, and global career trends in computer-related fields.

LWSCU: Spanish, Level 2 (University Preparation - Classical Studies & International Languages) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: LWSBD) This course enables students to develop competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the language of study. Students will continue to participate in interactive activities in which they can apply and develop their language skills to communicate with native speakers of the language. They will explore aspects of culture in regions of the world where the language is spoken, including social customs, food, sports and leisure activities, popular festivals, and music. Although students will expand their vocabulary and knowledge of linguistic elements, the language they will use at this level will still be simple.

PPL3O: Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 11 (Open - Health & Physical Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course enables students to further develop the knowledge and skills they need to make healthy choices now and lead healthy, active lives in the future. Through participation in a wide range of physical activities and exposure to a broader range of activity settings, students enhance their movement competence, personal fitness, and confidence. Students also acquire an understanding of the factors and skills that contribute to healthy development and learn how their own well-being is affected by, and affects, the world around them. Students build their sense of self, learn to interact positively with others, and develop their ability to think critically and creatively.

SBI3U: Biology, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SNC2D) This course furthers students’ understanding of the processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biodiversity; evolution; genetic processes; the structure and function of animals; and the anatomy, growth, and function of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation.

SCH3U: Chemistry, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SNC2D) This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of the properties of chemicals and chemical bonds; chemical reactions and quantitative relationships in those reactions; solutions and solubility; and atmospheric chemistry and the behaviour of gases. Students will further develop their analytical skills and investigate the qualitative and quantitative properties of matter, as well as the impact of some common chemical reactions on society and the environment.

SPH3U: Physics, Grade 11 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SNC2D) This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore kinematics, with an emphasis on linear motion; different kinds of forces; energy transformations; the properties of mechanical waves and sound; and electricity and magnetism. They will enhance their scientific investigation skills as they test laws of physics. In addition, they will analyze the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

SVN3M: Environmental Science, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SNC2D/SNC2P) This course provides students with the fundamental knowledge of and skills relating to environmental science that will help them succeed in life after secondary school. Students will explore a range of topics, including the role of science in addressing contemporary environmental challenges; the impact of the environment on human health; sustainable agriculture and forestry; the reduction and management of waste; and the conservation of energy. Students will increase their scientific and environmental literacy and examine the interrelationships between science, the environment, and society in a variety of areas.

TEJ3M: Computer Engineering Technology, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Technological Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite:None) This course examines computer systems and control of external devices. Students will assemble computers and small networks by installing and configuring appropriate hardware and software. Students will develop knowledge and skills in electronics, robotics, programming, and networks, and will build systems that use computer programs and interfaces to control and/or respond to external devices. Students will develop an awareness of related environmental and societal issues, and will learn about college and university programs leading to careers in computer technology.

TGJ3M: Communications Technology, Grade 11 (University/College Preparation - Technological Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite:None) This course examines communications technology from a media perspective. Students will develop knowledge and skills as they design and produce media projects in the areas of live, recorded, and graphic communications. These areas may include TV, video, and movie production; radio and audio production; print and graphic communications; photography; digital imaging; broadcast journalism; and interactive new media. Students will also develop an awareness of related environmental and societal issues, and will explore college and university programs and career opportunities in the various communications technology fields.

 

Reach Ahead Courses

BBB4M: International Business Fundamentals, Grade 12 (University/College Preparation - Business Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course provides an overview of the importance of international business and trade in the global economy and explores the factors that influence success in international markets. Students will learn about the techniques and strategies associated with marketing, distribution, and managing international business effectively. This course prepares students for post-secondary programs in business, including international business, marketing, and management.

SES4U: Earth and Space Science, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SNC2D) This course develops students’ understanding of Earth and its place in the universe. Students will investigate the properties of and forces in the universe and solar system and analyse techniques scientists use to generate knowledge about them. Students will closely examine the materials of Earth, its internal and surficial processes, and its geological history, and will learn how Earth’s systems interact and how they have changed over time. Throughout the course, students will learn how these forces, processes, and materials affect their daily lives. The course draws on biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics in its consideration of geological and astronomical processes that can be observed directly or inferred from other evidence.

ADA4M: Drama, Grade 12 (University/College Preparation - Art) →1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: ADA3M) This course requires students to experiment individually and collaboratively with forms and conventions of both drama and theatre from various cultures and time periods. Students will interpret dramatic literature and other texts and media sources while learning about various theories of directing and acting. Students will examine the significance of dramatic arts in various cultures, and will analyze how the knowledge and skills developed in drama are related to their personal skills, social awareness, and goals beyond secondary school.

AMU4M: Music, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Art) →1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: AMU3M) This course enables students to enhance their musical literacy through the creation, appreciation, analysis, and performance of music. Students will perform traditional, commercial, and art music, and will respond with insight to live and recorded performances. Students will enhance their understanding of the function of music in society and the impact of music on themselves and various communities and cultures. Students will analyze how to apply skills developed in music to their life and careers.

AVI4M: Visual Art, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Art) →1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: AVI3M) This course focuses on enabling students to refine their use of the creative process when creating and presenting two- and three-dimensional art works using a variety of traditional and emerging media and technologies. Students will use the critical analysis process to deconstruct art works and explore connections between art and society. The studio program enables students to explore a range of materials, processes, and techniques that can be applied in their own art production. Students will also make connections between various works of art in personal, contemporary, historical, and cultural contexts.

BAT4M: Financial Accounting Principles, Grade 12 (University/College Preparation - Business Studies) →1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: BAF3M) This course introduces students to advanced accounting principles that will prepare them for postsecondary studies in business. Students will learn about financial statements for various forms of business ownership and how those statements are interpreted in making business decisions.This course expands students’ knowledge of sources of financing, further develops accounting methods for assets, and introduces accounting for partnerships and corporations.

BBB4M: International Business Fundamentals, Grade 12 (University/College Preparation - Business Studies) →1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course provides an overview of the importance of international business and trade in the global economy and explores the factors that influence success in international markets. Students will learn about the techniques and strategies associated with marketing, distribution, and managing international business effectively. This course prepares students for postsecondary programs in business, including international business, marketing, and management.

BOH4M: Business Leadership - Management Fundamentals, Grade 12 (University/College Preparation - Business Studies) →1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course focuses on the development of leadership skills used in managing a successful business. Students will analyze the role of a leader in business, with a focus on decision making, management of group dynamics, workplace stress and conflict, motivation of employees, and planning. Effective business communication skills, ethics, and social responsibility are also emphasized.

CGW4U: World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Canadian and World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) In this course, students will address the challenge of creating a more sustainable and equitable world. They will explore issues involving a wide range of topics, including economic disparities, threats to the environment, globalization, human rights, and quality of life, and will analyze government policies, international agreements, and individual responsibilities relating to them. Students will apply the concepts of geographic thinking and the geographic inquiry process, including the use of spatial technologies, to investigate these complex issues and their impacts on natural and human communities around the world.

CHY4U: World History since the 15th Century, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Canadian and World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course traces major developments and events in world history since approximately 1450. Students will explore social, economic, and political changes, the historical roots of contemporary issues, and the role of conflict and cooperation in global interrelationships. They will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, as they investigate key issues and ideas and assess societal progress or decline in world history.

CIA4U: Analysing Current Economic Issues, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Canadian and World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course examines current Canadian and international economic issues, developments, policies, and practices from diverse perspectives. Students will explore the decisions that individuals and institutions, including governments, make in response to economic issues such as globalization, trade agreements, economic inequalities, regulation, and public spending. Students will apply the concepts of economic thinking and the economic inquiry process, as well as economic models and theories, to investigate, and develop informed opinions about, economic trade-offs, growth, and sustainability and related economic issues.

CLN4U: Canadian and International Law, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Canadian and World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course explores a range of contemporary legal issues and how they are addressed in both Canadian and international law. Students will develop an understanding of the principles of Canadian and international law and of issues related to human rights and freedoms, conflict resolution, and criminal, environmental, and workplace law, both in Canada and internationally. Students will apply the concepts of legal thinking and the legal studies inquiry process, and will develop legal reasoning skills, when investigating these and other issues in both Canadian and international contexts.

CPW4U: Canadian and International Politics, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Canadian and World Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course explores various perspectives on issues in Canadian and world politics. Students will explore political decision making and ways in which individuals, stakeholder groups, and various institutions, including governments, multinational corporations, and non-governmental organizations, respond to and work to address domestic and international issues. Students will apply the concepts of political thinking and the political inquiry process to investigate issues, events, and developments of national and international political importance, and to develop and communicate informed opinions about them.

ETS4U: Studies in Literature, Grade 12 (University Preparation - English) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: ENG3U) This course is for students with a special interest in literature and literary criticism. The course may focus on themes, genres, time periods, or countries. Students will analyze a range of forms and stylistic elements of literary texts and respond personally, critically, and creatively to them. They will also assess critical interpretations, write analytical essays, and complete an independent study project.

EWC4U: The Writer’s Craft, Grade 12 (University Preparation-English) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: ENG3U) This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. Students will analyze models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to produce a range of works; identify and use techniques required for specialized forms of writing; and identify effective ways to improve the quality of their writing. They will also complete a major paper as part of a creative or analytical independent study project and investigate opportunities for publication and for writing careers.

FSF4U: Core French, Grade 12 (University Preparation - French as a Second Language) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: FSF3U) This course provides extensive opportunities for students to speak and interact in French independently. Students will develop their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, apply language learning strategies in a wide variety of real-life situations, and develop their creative and critical thinking skills through responding to and interacting with a variety of oral and written texts. They will also enrich their understanding and appreciation of diverse French-speaking communities, and will develop skills necessary for lifelong language learning.

HFA4U: Nutrition and Health, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Social Sciences & Humanities) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course examines the relationships between food, energy balance, and nutritional status; the nutritional needs of individuals at different stages of life; and the role of nutrition in health and disease. Students will evaluate nutrition-related trends and will determine how food choices can promote food security and environmental responsibility. Students will learn about healthy eating, expand their repertoire of food-preparation techniques, and develop their social science research skills by investigating issues related to nutrition and health. 

HSB4U: Challenge and Change in Society, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Social Sciences & Humanities) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course focuses on the use of social science theories, perspectives, and methodologies to investigate and explain shifts in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour and their impact on society. Students will critically analyze how and why cultural, social, and behavioural patterns change over time. They will explore the ideas of social theorists and use those ideas to analyze causes of and responses to challenges such as technological change, deviance, and global inequalities. Students will explore ways in which social science research methods can be used to study social change.

HSE4M: Equity and Social Justice: From Theory to Practice, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Social Sciences & Humanities) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course enables students to develop an understanding of the theoretical, social, and historical underpinnings of various equity and social justice issues and to analyze strategies for bringing about positive social change. Students will learn about historical and contemporary equity and social justice issues in Canada and globally. They will explore power relations and the impact of a variety of factors on equity and social justice. Students will develop and apply research skills and will design and implement a social action initiative relating to an equity or social justice issue.

HZT4U: Philosophy: Questions and Theories, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Social Sciences & Humanities) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any U/M preparation course in Canadian & World Studies, English, or Social Sciences & Humanities) This course enables students to acquire an understanding of the nature of philosophy and philosophical reasoning skills and to develop and apply their knowledge and skills while exploring specialized branches of philosophy (the course will cover at least three of the following branches: metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, philosophy of science, social and political philosophy, aesthetics). Students will develop critical thinking and philosophical reasoning skills as they formulate and evaluate arguments related to a variety of philosophical questions and theories. They will also develop research and inquiry skills related to the study and practice of philosophy.

ICS4U: Computer Science, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Computer Studies) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: ICS3U) This course enables students to further develop knowledge and skills in computer science. Students will use modular design principles to create complex and fully documented programs, according to industry standards. Student teams will manage a large software development project, from planning through to project review. Students will also analyze algorithms for effectiveness. They will investigate ethical issues in computing and further explore environmental issues, emerging technologies, areas of research in computer science, and careers in the field. 

LWSDU: Spanish, Level 3 (University Preparation - Classical Studies & International Languages) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: LWSCU) This course offers students opportunities to further develop competence and confidence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the language of study. Students will participate in interactive activities (e.g., discussions about literature, travel, shopping) in which they will further develop their knowledge of linguistic elements. They will continue to explore aspects of culture in regions of the world where the language is spoken, including fashion, historical figures, art, and architecture. Students will enhance their critical and creative thinking skills through reading diverse materials, including original literature, and will explore a variety of personal and professional contexts in which knowledge of the international language is required.

MCV4U: Calculus and Vectors, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Mathematics) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: MCR3U, MHF4U must be taken before, or concurrently with Calculus and Vectors) This course builds on students’ previous experience with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in three-dimensional space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and apply these concepts and skills to the modelling of real-world relationships. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics, and some areas of business, including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or physics course.

MDM4U: Mathematics of Data Management, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Mathematics) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: MCR3U/MCF3M) This course broadens students’ understanding of mathematics as it relates to managing data. Students will apply methods for organizing and analyzing large amounts of information; solve problems involving probability and statistics; and carry out a culminating investigation that integrates statistical concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest.

MHF4U: Advanced Functions, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Mathematics) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: MCR3U) This course extends students’ experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs.

PAF4O: Healthy Living and Personal and Fitness Activities, Grade 12 (Open - Health & Physical Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: None) This course is designed to help students develop a personalized approach to active and healthy living. Students will demonstrate understanding of human anatomy in relation to activities, the relationship between healthy eating and performance, continuing an active lifestyle, and a positive self-image. Students will understand terminology associated with fitness training, a variety of training techniques, and develop advanced personalized training programs. Through daily fitness activities and training, students will develop discipline, commitment, and the opportunity to improve and maintain their health and fitness goals.

PSK4U: Introductory Kinesiology, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Health and Physical Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: Any Grade 11 U/M preparation course in Science, or any Grade 11 or 12 course in Health & Physical Education) This course focuses on the study of human movement and of systems, factors, and principles involved in human development. Students will learn about the effects of physical activity on health and performance, the evolution of physical activity and sport, and the physiological, psychological, and social factors that influence an individual’s participation in physical activity and sport. The course prepares students for university programs in physical education and health, kinesiology, health sciences, health studies, recreation, and sports administration.

SBI4U: Biology, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SBI3U) This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the achievement of detailed knowledge and the refinement of skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.

SCH4U: Chemistry, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SCH3U) This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, the structure and properties of matter, energy changes and rates of reaction, equilibrium in chemical systems, and electrochemistry. Students will further develop their problem-solving and investigation skills as they investigate chemical processes, and will refine their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in everyday life and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment.

SES4U: Earth and Space Science, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SNC2D) This course develops students’ understanding of Earth and its place in the universe. Students will investigate the properties of and forces in the universe and solar system and analyze techniques scientists use to generate knowledge about them. Students will closely examine the materials of Earth, its internal and surficial processes, and its geological history, and will learn how Earth’s systems interact and how they have changed over time. Throughout the course, students will learn how these forces, processes, and materials affect their daily lives. The course draws on biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics in its consideration of geological and astronomical processes that can be observed directly or inferred from other evidence.

SPH4U: Physics, Grade 12 (University Preparation - Science) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: SPH3U) This course enables students to deepen their understanding of physics concepts and theories. Students will continue their exploration of energy transformations and the forces that affect motion, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation. Students will also explore the wave nature of light, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. They will further develop their scientific investigation skills, learning, for example, how to analyze, qualitatively and quantitatively, data related to a variety of physics concepts and principles. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

TGJ4M: Communications Technology, Grade 12 (University/College Preparation - Technological Education) → 1.0 Credit (Prerequisite: TGJ3M) This course enables students to further develop media knowledge and skills while designing and producing projects in the areas of live, recorded, and graphic communications. Students may work in the areas of TV, video, and movie production; radio and audio production; print and graphic communications; photography; digital imaging; broadcast journalism; and interactive new media. Students will also expand their awareness of environmental and societal issues related to communications technology, and will investigate career opportunities and challenges in a rapidly changing technological environment.