• Trauma/EM/Surgical

  • Welcome to the next stage of the Project HEAL Delphi Study. This stage is a build-up on the initial stage. You would therefore see a repetition in some of the questions. You are to determine if the resources listed should be present in a Level 1, 2, 3, or 4 Health facility. If a particular item must be present in all the levels, you can select all the levels for that item.

    The total scores will be used to develop a checklist, which hospitals can independently administer, to determine their level of health care provision based on specific specializations and overscore. These can then inform the emergency care services, referral facilities, health workers and the general public on which facility provides which level of care.


    Be assured that your response is confidential. Only aggregated results would be seen by the Delphi group.


    You can save your progress and continue later. When you click the “Save” button, select “skip create account” and enter your email address. A link would be sent to you  to continue from where you left off.

  • Level 1 Truama/Surgical/EM Hospital Facility

    Can be an academic/public/private facility located in an urban, suburban, or rural area. The facility should be able to provide 24-hour sub-specialty services for emergency medicine, general surgery, trauma, and orthopaedics. Surgical capabilities should be available at all times. Total care from prevention through rehabilitation including research and education is available. The centre should serve as a referral point in the region or section of the country. 


    Level 2 Truama/Surgical/EM Hospital Facility

    Can be an academic/public/private facility located in an urban, suburban, or rural area. The facility should be able to provide 24-hour specialized medical care, including a general surgeon. Not all subspecialties may be present. Theatre capabilities are available at all times. Cannot give comprehensive care to complex injuries or surgical cases. Educational outreach, research, and prevention programmes may be present.

    Level 3 Truama/Surgical/EM Hospital Facility

    Can be an academic/public/private facility located in an urban, suburban, or rural area. The facility is staffed by medical officers with limited surgical capabilities. There is the prompt availability of general surgeons or general practitioners with surgical expertise. While there is an operating theatre, there is an unavailability of trauma surgeons. The facility provides prompt assessment, resuscitation, basic emergency operations, and stabilization and where necessary, arranges for possible transfer to a higher-ranked facility that provides definitive trauma care.

     

    Level 4 Truama/Surgical/EM Hospital Facility

    Can be an academic/public/private facility located in an urban, suburban, or rural area. The facility is a minimally equipped facility staffed by Physician Assistants and Nurses only. It runs mostly outpatient clinics with no overnight admissions or surgeries. 

  • HOSPITAL ORGANIZATION

  • Presence of Trauma/Emergency/Casualty Service in the Hospital.
  • Designated Head of Trauma (registered trauma surgeon)
  • Designated Head of EM (registered Emergency medicine Specialist)
  • Designated medical officers in emergency medicine/Casualty
  • Designated Emergency medicine specialist on 24hr call
  • Designated trauma surgeon on 24hr call
  • Designated neurosurgeon on 24hr call
  • CLINICAL DISCIPLINE AVAILABILITY

     

     

    1. In-house 24 hours a day (available within 10 minutes) 

  • EM
  • ANAESTHESIA
  • ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
  • NEUROSURGERY
  • On call available within 20 minutes

  • a. EM
  • b. Trauma surgery/trauma critical care
  • c. General surgery
  • d.     Anaesthesiology
  • e. Cardiac surgery
  • f. General surgery
  • g. Hand Surgery
  • h. Intensive care
  • i. Internal medicine
  • j. Microvascular Surgery
  • k. Neurosurgery
  • l. Obstetrics/gynaecology
  • m. Ophthalmic surgery
  • n. Oral/maxillofacial surgery
  • o. Orthopaedic surgery
  • p. Paediatric surgery
  • q. Paediatrics
  • r. Plastic surgery
  • s. Pulmonary medicine
  • t. Radiology
  • u. Thoracic surgery
  • v. Urology
  • w. Vascular surgery
  • PERSONNEL

     

    Please select which of the listed items you deem necessary/important for each level of hospital/facility care.

    P.S.

    Level 1 describes the highest level hospital/facility and level 4 describes the lowest Hospital/facility

  • 1. Designated doctor in charge of the shift
  • 2.  Doctor with special competence in care of critically injured is a designated member of the trauma team and is physically present in the emergency department 24 hours a day
  • 3. Advance Trauma Life Support (ATLS)-trained personnel 24 hour a day
  • 4. Advance Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS)-trained personnel 24 hours a day
  • 5  A Nursing personnel with specific training in trauma care who provides continual monitoring of the trauma patient from hospital arrival to disposition in ICU, or Patient care unit
  • Toxicologist
  • Pharmacist
  • Specialist Pharmacist
  • Dispensary Technician
  • Lab Scientist
  • Admission team personnel
  • Biomedical Engineering to manage electronic devices
  • Respiratory therapist
  • Psychiatrist or psychologist
  • Nurse practitioners
  • Physician assistants
  • ENT surgeon
  • Phlebotomist
  • Radiographer
  • Radiologist
  • Sonographer
  • Dietician
  • Biostatistician
  • Research officer
  • The following is a list of Medical resuscitative equipment. Please select which of them you deem necessary/important for each level of hospital/facility care.

    P.S.

    Level 1 describes the highest level hospital/facility while level 4 describes the lowest Hospital/facility

  • Oral or nasal airways
  • Suction device: at least manual (bulb) or foot pump
  • Suction device: powered: electrical/pneumatic
  • Suction tubing
  • Yankauer or other stiff suction tips
  • Laryngoscope
  • Endotracheal tube
  • Oesophageal detector device
  • Basic trauma pack
  • Magill forceps
  • Oxygen supply (cylinder, concentrator or other sources)
  • Mechanical ventilator
  • Nasal prongs, face mask, associated tubing
  • Needles & syringes
  • Bag–valve–mask
  • Chest tubes
  • Underwater seal bottle (or equivalent)
  • Arterial blood gas measurements
  • Pulse oximetry
  • Capnography
  • AED with additional pacing pads
  • I. O. Access and drill
  • Cricothyroidotomy set
  • Ophthalmoscope
  • Glidescope video
  • Otoscope
  • Electronic ring cutter
  • Central line kits
  • Burnsshield
  • Splints(traction splints,Vacuum splints, etc)
  • Tonometer and Slit lamp
  • Intraosseous gun device(eg EZI IO)
  • Capnography
  • CPR backboard
  • Mobile digital X-ray
  • ASSESSMENT AND EXTERNAL CONTROL OF HAEMORRHAGE

     

    Please select which of the listed items you deem necessary/important for each level of hospital/facility care.

    P.S.

    Level 1 describes the highest level hospital/facility while level 4 describes the lowest Hospital/facility

  • Clock or watch with second hand
  • Stethoscope
  • Blood pressure (BP) cuff
  • Gauze and bandage
  • Arterial tourniquet in extreme situations
  • Fluid resuscitation
  • Crystalloid
  • Colloids
  • Blood transfusion capabilities
  • Intravenous infusion set (lines and cannulas)
  • Intravenous needle or equivalent
  • Central venous lines
  • Blood pressure (BP) cuff
  • Urinary catheter
  • Electronic cardiac monitor
  • Monitoring of central venous pressure
  • Right-heart catheterization
  • Laboratory facilities for haemoglobin or haematocrit
  • RESOURCE FOR HEAD INJURY

     

    Please select which of the listed items you deem necessary/important for each level of hospital/facility care.

    P.S.

    Level 1 describes the highest level hospital/facility while level 4 describes the lowest Hospital/facility

  • Recognize altered consciousness; internalizing signs, pupils
  • Maintain normotension and oxygenation to prevent secondary brain injury
  • Avoid overhydration in the presence of raised ICP (with normal BP)
  • Monitoring and treatment of raised ICP
  • CT scans
  • Burr holes (skill plus drill or other suitable equipment)
  • More advanced neurosurgical procedures
  • Surgical treatment of open depressed skulls fracture
  • Surgical treatment of closed depressed skull fracture
  • Maintenance of the requirement for protein and calories
  • Resources for neck injuries

  • Recognize platysmal penetration
  • External pressure for bleeding
  • Packing, balloon tamponade for bleeding
  • Contrast radiography, endoscopy
  • Angiography
  • Surgical skills to explore nock
  • Rescources for Chest Injuries

  • Autotransfusion from chest tube.
  • Adequate pain control for chest injuries /rib fractures
  • Respiratory therapy for chest injuries/rib fractures
  • Rib block or intrapleural block
  • Epidural analgesia
  • Skills and equipment for intermediate thoracotomy
  • Skills and equipment for advance thoracotomy
  • Resources Basic GP Specialist Tertiary
  • Recognition of neurovascular compromise; disability prone injuries
  • Basic immobilization (sling, splint)
  • Spine board
  • Wrapping of pelvic fractures for haemrrhage control
  • Skin traction
  • Closed reduction
  • Skeletal traction
  • Operative wound management
  • External fixation (or its functional equivalent: pins & plaster)
  • Internal fixation
  • Tendon repair
  • Hand injury: assessment and basic splinting
  • Hands: debride, fix
  • Fasciotomy for compartment syndrome
  • Amputation
  • X-ray
  • Portable X-ray
  • Image intensification
  • Proper management of immobilized patient to prevent complications
  • Kindly review the description of the Health facility level and give your edits/comments 

     

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