Manipulation (for the spine and peripheral joints) is a treatment technique within the practice of manual therapy that involves specialized hands-on treatments applied by highly qualified physiotherapists. A manipulation is a passive, high velocity, low amplitude thrust applied to a joint beyond its physiological limit of motion, but within its anatomical limit, with the intent to restore optimal motion and function, reduce muscle pain and tension and/or reduce pain.
CAMPT-Certified Physiotherapists are Fellows of the Canadian Academy of Manipulative Physiotherapy (FCAMPT) and have advanced training and clinic expertise in manual and manipulative therapy. They are required to have completed extensive post-graduate education in the area of orthopaedics and have attained internationally-recognized qualifications in hands-on manipulative therapy. CAMPT-Certified physiotherapists are qualified to provide safe and effective treatments for pain and movement disorders of the spine and extremities.
Physiotherapists who use manual therapy techniques such as manipulations are required to advise patients that there are some risks associated with such treatment. Physiotherapists obtain informed consent to treatment in accordance with provincial legislation governing their practice. Clients are routinely reassessed following a manipulation and treatment is continued, modified, or discontinued based on the results of this evaluation, and when indicators for manipulation and/or established treatment goals are met.
In particular, you should note that while rare, some patients have experienced: exacerbation and aggravation of symptoms including increased pain and stiffness, muscle strain, ligamentous sprain, muscle spasm and bruising following manipulations.
In spinal manipulations some of the risks may include rib fracture, vertebral fractures, spinal disc injury including disc herniation and bulges, spinal cord injury , myelopathy , central cord syndrome, or quadriplegia, neurological injury or impairment including radiculopathy, numbness, tingling, pins and needles, and radiating pain.
There have been reported cases of injury to the vertebral artery (blood vessel located in the neck) following manipulation to the neck (cervical spine). Vertebral artery injuries have been known to cause dizziness or vertigo, or at their worst stroke, sometimes with serious neurological impairment, or death. The possibility of such injuries resulting from neck spinal manipulation is extremely rare and occurs almost entirely in the top-most region.
Physiotherapy treatment, including manipulation, has been the subject of government reports and multi-disciplinary studies conducted over many years. These reports and studies have demonstrated treatment to be effective for spinal pain, headaches and other similar symptoms. These treatments may contribute to your overall well-being. The risk of injuries or complications from treatment is substantially lower than that associated with the other treatments, medications and procedures given for the same symptoms.