This is the short format for the English Test. Choose the best answer for multiple-choice questions. 

Although you can spend more time on one section and less time on another section, you should try to pace yourself. You will have 15 minutes to complete four sections and answer all of the questions on the short format. A clock on the screen will show you how much time you have to complete:

1. Reading Section

2. Listening Section

3. Grammar and Coherence Section

4. Coherence and Cohesive Section

Passage 1

Questions 1-2

     Virtual worlds generated (2) billions of real dollars in 2006–07 as millions of players around the world fought, bought, crafted, and sold in a variety of online environments. The most populous, Blizzard Entertainment’s World of Warcraft, drew seven million subscribers (with more than five million in China alone). This total represented more than half of the massively multiplayer online game (MMOG) community in 2006, and it brought in more than $1 billion in retail sales and subscription fees for Blizzard. MMOGs differed from traditional PC games in a number of important ways. First, Internet connectivity was a prerequisite (3) for all MMOGs, as the games could be played only after one logged in to the server that hosted the game world (popular MMOGs required dozens of such servers to accommodate their larger player bases). Second, the social aspect of interacting with thousands of players worldwide frequently overshadowed the game content itself. A 2006 study found that almost a third of female players and nearly 10% of male players had dated someone they met in a game. Third, most MMOGs operated on a subscription basis, charging a monthly fee in addition to the initial purchase price of the game software. Some companies offered frequent downloadable “patches” of new game content to make these monthly fees more palatable to players, while others offered their games free of charge to players who were willing to tolerate a stream of ingame advertisements.

Questions 3-4

    Though World of Warcraft and other MMOGs utilized the advanced graphics and high-end processing power typical of the current generation of PC games, online gaming had its roots in some of the earliest computing technologies. By the late 1970s, many universities in the US were linked by ARPANET, a precursor (6) to the Internet. The structure of ARPANET allowed users to connect their computers to a central mainframe and interact in what was close to real time. In 1980 ARPANET was linked to the University of Essex, Colchester, England, where two undergraduate students had written a text-based fantasy adventure game that they called MUD, or “multiuser dungeon.” When the first outside users connected to MUD through ARPANET, online gaming was born. Soon other programmers expanded on the original MUD design, adding graphic flourishes, chat functions, and player groups (or guilds). These basic features, as well as the fantasy setting, carried over into the next generation of online games, which were the first true MMOGs.

Link Audio Listening 1 (dapat diakses apabila peserta tidak dapat klik button 'Play' di atas):

https://soundcloud.com/schoterslingua/audio-2?utm_source=widgets-cache.jotform.io&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Fschoterslingua%252Faudio-2 

Link Audio Listening 1 (dapat diakses apabila peserta tidak dapat klik button 'Play' di atas):

https://soundcloud.com/schoterslingua/audio-2?utm_source=widgets-cache.jotform.io&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Fschoterslingua%252Faudio-2 

The options (A), (B), (C), and (D) indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

The oldest of the wonders and the only one substantially in existence today, the pyramids of Giza were erected c. 2575–c. 2465 BC on the west bank of the Nile River near Al-Jizah in northern Egypt.

Where would the sentence best fit?

(A) The designations of the pyramids—Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure—correspond to the kings for whom they were built. (B) Khufu (also called the Great Pyramid) is the largest of the three, the length of each side at the base averaging 230 m (755 ¾ ft). Its original height was 147 m (481.4 ft); none of the pyramids reach their original heights because they have been almost entirely stripped of their outer casings of smooth white limestone. (C) According to Herodotus, the Great Pyramid took 20 years to construct and demanded the labor of 100,000 men. (D)

The options (A), (B), (C), and (D) indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

They are awarded annually from a fund bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel and administered by the Nobel Foundation.

Where would the sentence best fit?

The Alfred B. Nobel Prizes are widely re- garded as the world’s most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement. (A) Nobel’s 1895 will established five of the six prizes: those for physics, chemistry, literature, physiology or medicine, and peace. (B) The prize for economic sciences was added in 1969. Each year thousands of invitations are sent out to members of scholarly academies, scientists, university professors, previous Nobel laureates, members of parliaments and other assemblies, and others, requesting nominations for the various prizes. (C) The country given is the citizenship of the recipient at the time that the award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision. (D)

The options (A), (B), (C), and (D) indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

A steady-state universe has no beginning or end in time; and from any point within it the view on the grand scale—i.e.,the average density and arrangement of galaxies—is the same. 

Where would the sentence best fit?

Two theories of the origin of the universe have been the most influential during the last century—the steady state theory and the big bang theory.  (A) The steady state theory posits that the universe is always expanding but maintains a constant average density, matter being continuously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same rate that old ones become unobservable as a consequence of their increasing distance and velocity of recession. (B) Galaxies of all possible ages are intermingled. (C) Observations since the 1950s have produced much evidence contradictory to the steady-state picture and supportive of the big-bang model. (D)