Instructor Name: George Bunker, george@im-inc.com

Course Time: 2:55:00

NOTICE:

• Before starting this safety orientation training module, please make sure you are in a comfortable place where you will have a good internet connection for at least 3 hours. If you do not have a smart device with an internet connection, the Company will provide you with access to a computer or tablet to complete the training.

• Please have a pen and paper handy to take notes and write down any questions you have throughout this course, you will have the opportunity to share your questions at the completion of this awareness training course. Your supervisor will follow up with you and answer any questions you have.

Notice: a copy of this training content will be emailed to the email address you provided in the previous page. You may reflect back on any aspect of this training at any time via that email. If you loose the email, you can get an additional copy of this training by contacting your supervisor or the Company Safety Director.

Safety is a state in which hazards and conditions leading to physical, psychological, or material harm are controlled in order to preserve the health and well-being of individuals and the community. It is an essential resource for everyday life, needed by individuals and communities to realize their aspirations and dreams.

The processes here at Innovations Manufacturing (the Company) come with their own unique sets of hazards. Major hazards common to the Company include:

• Slips, trips, and falls
• Sharp edges
• Machine guarding
• Powered industrial vehicles or forklifts
• Electrical hazards
• Lock Out Tag Out (LO/TO) of equipment
• Environmental hazards

The Company has performed a Hazard Assessment to determine the hazards associated with the work performed in the manufacturing process and those hazards will be covered in this safety orientation.

In this safety orientation you will be made aware of the hazards that have been identified in the Company work areas with a general overview of what steps to take if you encounter an uncontrolled hazard. In addition, you may be assigned additional individual training modules that relate to the hazards unique to the specific risk exposures unique to your assigned duties.

Another important aspect of safety is derived from knowledge and experience. Knowledge and experience translate to a healthy level of common sense. Common sense is a persons acquired practical judgment that develops through life experiences. Observing another person’s level of common sense can be a head scratcher, but on the job, you can make a huge impact on how another person acquires their common sense. You can share your life experiences and actively mentor workers who don’t have your level of job-related experience. Your interaction can make or break a new and inexperienced worker, and you can have a lasting positive impact on that person’s outcome in life. For me it was Singing Bob, the manager who first mentored me as a young and hungry kid who hoped to become an experienced professional one day. Singing Bob taught me something at every encounter and he was genuinely interested in seeing me catch on to the workings of the job. Singing Bob had a big impact on who I am today...

Unfortunately, ole Singing Bob didn’t take such good care of his health on or off the job so he isn’t with us anymore, but as you learn more about our values here at Innovations Manufacturing, you will learn more about ole Singing Bob.

Common Sense and Knowledge

Common sense is the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us function in a safe way. We acquire this practical knowledge and judgment through training, through the experiences of others, and through our own life experiences. For example, while growing up, we learn not to put our hand onto a hot stove, either by having a negative experience and feeling the pain ourselves, or by being told by someone else that it will burn.

It is often presumed that we all possess the same level of common sense. This is where the issue comes into play in the workplace. Have you ever said, “that guy should have used more common sense than that!”

A person’s life experiences are unique to them individually, and their level of common sense is a reflection of their life experiences. What if that worker never used a miter saw before, or he has never worked around metal cutting operations before now, or she never worked around a forklift before. We must always be on the lookout for ways we can pass on our knowledge and experiences in a respectful way that encourages the recipient to reciprocate those learnings down the road.

Some of the best methods we can use to collectively foster the growth of common sense, among others, are:

• Share our personal experiences related to the job, talk about what can go wrong, and talk about what makes things go right.
• Take time to complete the safety training provided by the Company and retrain as needed or as required.
• Talk to your supervisor if you don’t understand any aspect of your responsibilities.
• Stop what you are doing if something doesn’t feel right, and don’t be afraid to get a second opinion.
• Listen to your gut. Your intuition will often provide subtle promptings just before a misstep is made.

Four Disciplines of Safety

Finally, there are four key disciplines (4DX) required of every employee in order to reach our safety objectives:

1. Everybody must understand the GOAL:

• To protect our Workers, the Environment, our Assets, and our Reputation by targeting zero accidents.

2. Leading Measures:

• Have a good plan, that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards, and
• Every employee must STOP work when something is not right- and resolve the threat before restarting

3. Performance Expectations:

• The Company will measure the safety performance of every team member
• The company will maintain a compelling scorecard and make it available at all times at the Company Safety Solution Center: www.im-safety.com
• All employees will be motivated through a risk vs. reward incentive program. The risk of taking shortcuts and not following the safety rules will have a greater detriment than doing things the right way. Just the same, doing things the right way, according to established procedureS, will be rewarded!

4. Accountability:

• Accountability is accomplished through the application of communicating expectations, training, coaching, and continual improvement. Employees who work safe and follow procedures will be openly recognized for their efforts.

We are excited to have you on the team! Your safety here at Innovations Manufacturing is of great value to us! Please pay close attention to this training course and apply the learnings in your daily routine!

General Instructions for Safe Operation of an Aerial Lift

According to the manufacturers of most aerial lifts, the lift operators should display a professional attitude and will demonstrate the following skills:

• Respect for personal safety.
  Regard for the safety of others.
  Obey procedures at all times.
  Demonstrate excellent work habits, efficiency, and reliability.
  Demonstrate respect for facilities and property.
  Any person operating the controls of the aerial lift or occupying the platform must be familiar with these Safety and Operating Procedures.
  The machines at Innovations Manufacturing are not insulated. The operator must maintain safe clearances from electrical power lines and apparatus.
  You must allow for platform sway, rock, or sag.

Most aerial lift accidents are caused by the failure to follow simple and fundamental safety rules and precautions. The Operator must be familiar with and follow the manufacturers operating instructions before and while using any aerial personnel lifting device. Never deviate from the manufacturers recommendations!

Every project is different and so the hazards are always changing. Before starting any overhead work make sure you have assessed the hazards and identify the appropriate personal protective equipment needed to protect your eyes, ears, hands, feet and body.

Overhead Work

When working above an area where workers could be present, the ground floor area shall be taped off with yellow or red tape or the area should have cones and a spotter present to warn others of the overhead falling object hazard. YELLOW tape signifies the need to take caution and make the overhead workers aware of your presence, then you may enter the area. RED danger tape signifies a NO ENTRY condition. There is an active danger that requires all workers to stay out of the taped off area. No one should enter a Danger area once it is roped off.

Procedures for Operations

The purpose of the aerial lift work platform is to transport and raise personnel and tools to overhead work areas. The following points must be remembered when operating a aerial lift:

• Do not drive near drop-offs, holes, or loading docks.
• Do not raise platform on slope or drive onto slope when elevated.
• Do not raise platform on uneven or soft surfaces.
• Do not drive onto uneven or soft surfaces when elevated.
• Do not use without guardrails, mid rails, chain, or bar in place.
• Do not raise platform in windy or gusty conditions.
• Do not exceed rated load.
• Do not use if working platform is not working properly or if any part is damaged, worn or missing.
• Do not use near moving vehicles or cranes.
• Do not stand or sit on guardrails.
• Do not use under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
• Do not override safety devices.
• Do not raise platform while machine is on a truck, forklift, or other device or vehicle.
• Do not use ladder, scaffolding, or other devices to increase the working height of the platform.
• Do not use with damaged tires.
• Do not attach ropes or chains to the guardrails.
• Do not use as a crane for lifting.
• Do not use with tires that are not per manufacturers, specifications.
• Follow the manufacturers operating instruction for the specific lift you will be using.
• FAILURE TO AVOID THE ABOVE HAZARDS MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH!

IM-Inc. has a strong commitment to the health, safety and welfare of its employees, their families and contractors. Widely available statistics and information establish that the incidence of drug and alcohol abuse is increasing and that the effect is devastating to lives, business, and the community at large. Innovations Manufacturinmg (IM-Inc) is committed to maintaining a safe and secure workplace for all workers supporting Company functions.

It is the goal of IM-Inc to provide a safe workplace by eliminating the hazards to health and job safety created by alcohol and other drug abuse. We believe this goal to be in the best interest of our employees and our contractors.

The Company believes that each employee and contractor employee has the responsibility to:

• Report to work at all times free of alcohol or other drugs and the effects associated with the same.
• Participate in and support company & contractor-sponsored drug and alcohol education programs.
• Seek and accept assistance offered by the Company for alcohol and other drug-abuse-related problems before job performance is affected.
• Support your company efforts to eliminate alcohol and other drug abuse among employees where it exists.

Working with air compressors and the associated pneumatic handheld tools will get the job done quicker, but there are some potential risks in using them if you don’t take proper safety measures. Air compressors powering pneumatic tools are powerful enough to cause serious injury and even death when not used carefully.

When using air compressors and pneumatic tools, it is important to remember these safety guidelines:

• Wear appropriate PPE, which might include safety goggles, industrial gloves, and hearing protection.
• Don’t use air nozzles at pressures over 30 psi to clean your clothes or skin.
• Learn how to use the equipment properly before operating.
• Inspect the machine for leaks or other problems before use.
• Make sure hoses are properly attached and out of the walking/working path.
• Turn off the machine and release all the stored and trapped energy before servicing.
• Isolate the machine in accordance with the Company Lock Out Tag Out (LOTO) procedures before servicing.
• Always keep your machine clean and free from obstruction.

Injury Example:
The most common injuries resulting from compressed air are from workers cleaning their bodies with pressure settings over 30 psi, and from horseplay. In early 2022 a factory worker was training a new employee at a electronics manufacturing plant when the supervisor jokingly put the air nozzle to the new guys rear end and pulled the trigger. The blast of air enlarged the young mans intestines until they ruptured. The worker died 15 days after sustaining the injury, and the supervisor was charged with malicious manslaughter.

It is critically important that workers never engage in horseplay at anytime while performing services to the Company or while on Company property, and just the same, don’t ever clean you body with air in excess of 30 psi.

Remember, when it comes to safety, the goal is to perform your job without injury or incident. In order to do this, there are three things you must do ALL the time:

• Have a good plan that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards associated with your work, and
• STOP work if something isn’t right or it doesn’t seem right and fix the problem before proceeding.

You will never be punished for stopping work to prevent an incident from occurring!

Tips for safe use of circular saws:

• Do not work alone.
• Wear PPE (safety glasses and hearing protection).
• Keep loose hair, clothing, jewelry, and anything that could get caught in the saw tied back.
• Before the cut, set the depth of the saw to 1/8" thicker than material.
• Prepare a stable surface to cut material on.
• Never remove a guard on a saw unless you have completed the Lockout Tagout (LOTO) process.
• Blade guard should move freely to both open and closed position.
• Never cut with a dull blade.
• Always unplug the saw before you change the blade.
• Cut short material from long material first.
• Stand to the side when cutting material. This positions you away from potential kickback.
• Hold the saw with two hands while cutting.
• After your cut, do not let go of the saw while the blade is spinning.

Kickback from table saws and other rotating equipment is a real danger to workers as emphasized in this recent fatal incident that took the life of a worker:

Injury Example:
Worker killed in Wheatland industrial accident
October 3,2016 By WKBN Staff

WHEATLAND, Pa. (WKBN) – An Amish worker was killed Monday during an industrial accident.

Hermitage Police and rescue crews were sent to Omega, Inc. in Wheatland just before 2 p.m. for the workplace accident.

Police said a 37-year-old man was fatally injured by a piece of wood, which kicked back while the man was operating a piece of sawmill equipment.

The man, whose name is being withheld pending notification of family members, died as a result of his wound. Police said the man was wearing safety equipment at the time of the accident.

According to its website, the company manufactures hardwoods and industrial lumber.

The Mercer County Coroner is investigating.

We don't know all the details nor what specific type of equipment the man was utilizing but even the common table saw that many of us use can be a source of kickback. Most people know kickback is dangerous, but often people don't understand why. Kickback happens when the wood hits the back of the blade or the wood binds. Common causes of kickback are:

• the kerf closes behind the cut pinching the blade
• warped, cupped, or twisted material binds between the blade and the fence guide
• the blade isn't parallel to the fence
• a crosscut is made without properly supporting the stock and it twists into the blade
• a cut-off gets trapped between blade and fence.
• in each case, the velocity of the spinning blade can lift the stock and send it flying. I've seen a piece of wood fly so hard it stuck in a plywood wall. You don't want to be hit by that!

Kickback is over before you are even aware it happened, so don't think you can react in time to pull your hand out of the way. You can't.

Here are some tips to prevent getting injured by saw kickback on a table saw:

• Don't pull the workpiece from the back side of the table saw, a kickback can yank your hand right into the blade. Workers often suffer serious injury to their hands when the blade grabs the board pulling it and their hand into the blade.
• Don't use the fence when cross cutting narrow stock. There isn't enough material against the fence to control the cut. Instead use the miter gauge to push the stock and leave your table saw fence to the side.
• Kickback often occurs when you're cutting large sheets of material. If you let the sheet sag down, the kerf can close and pinch the blade as you near the end of the cut.
• Keep your hands and body to one side of the line of cut.
• When using portable saws always maintain a firm grip on the saw and don't stretch so far over the workpiece that you're left in an awkward, unbalanced position.
• Make sure your material is flat and the side against the fence is straight.
• Keep your blade parallel to the fence.
• Never try to free hand a cut.

When it comes to working with Circular Saws, the goal is to perform your job without injury or incident. In order to do this, there are three things you must do ALL the time:

• Have a good plan that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards associated with your work, and
• STOP work if something isn’t right or it doesn’t seem right and fix the problem before proceeding.

You will never be punished for stopping work to prevent an incident from occurring!

The purpose of this policy is to ensure the safety of those individuals who drive company vehicles and to provide guidance on the proper use of company fleet vehicles. Vehicle accidents are costly to our company, but more importantly, they may result in injury to you or others. It is the driver’s responsibility to operate the vehicle in a safe manner and to drive defensively to prevent injuries and property damage. As such, Innovations Manufacturing recognizes all applicable state motor vehicle regulations relating to driver responsibility as policy in the Company. The Company expects each driver to drive in a safe and courteous manner pursuant to the following safety rules. The attitude you take when behind the wheel is the single most important factor in driving safely. The Safety Director and the Driving Safety Committee is responsible for the general administration of this policy.

Driving Safety Committee:

The Driving Safety Committee is comprised of the Safety Director, the VP of Operations, and the President of the Company. The committee is responsible for:

• Reviewing accidents and employer’s overall driver safety record to determine if there should be changes in policy or procedure; or if other corrective action (such as training, equipment changes, etc.), should be implemented to enhance the safe operation of company vehicles, and/or personal vehicles on company business.
• Reviewing driving records of individual employees and making changes when driving privileges should be suspended or revoked.
• Reviewing all other issues that arise with respect to compliance with this policy.

Driver Guidelines and Reporting Requirements

1. Company vehicles are to be driven by authorized employees only, except in case of repair testing by a mechanic.
2. Any employee who drives a company vehicle and has a driver’s license revoked or suspended shall immediately notify the HR Manager by the next business day, and immediately discontinue operation of the company vehicle. Failure to do so may result in disciplinary action, including termination of employment.
3. All accidents in company vehicles, regardless of severity, must be reported to the police and to the Safety Director. Accidents are to be reported immediately from the scene of the accident. Accidents in personal vehicles while on company business must follow these same accident procedures. Work related vehicle accidents that cause injury to the employee must be reported to the Safety Director and Human Resources Manager for Worker’s Compensation purposes. Failing to stop after an accident and/or failure to report an accident may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.
4. Drivers must report all ticket violations received during the operation of a company vehicle, or while driving a personal vehicle on company business within 72 hours to the Human Resources Manager.
5. Motor Vehicle Records will be obtained on all drivers prior to employment and no less than every six months. A driving record that fails to meet the criteria stated in this policy or is considered to be in violation of the intent of this policy by the Driving Safety Committee will result in a loss of the privilege of driving a company vehicle.

Note: Company business is defined as driving at the direction, for the benefit, or on behalf of the Company. If you are receiving compensation for your drive time, you are driving on company business. It does not include normal commuting to and from work or while on a break or lunch break.

Driver Criteria & Administration

Employees must have a valid and current Driver’s license to operate a company vehicle. Personal vehicles used for company business must have current auto insurance while on company business.

Employees are expected to drive in a safe and responsible manner and to maintain a good driving record. The Driving Safety Committee is responsible for reviewing records, including accidents, moving violations, etc., to determine if an employee’s driving record indicates a pattern of unsafe or irresponsible driving, and to make a recommendation to Executive Management for suspension or revocation of driving privileges.

Criteria that may indicate an unacceptable record includes, but is not limited to:

• Three or more moving violations in one year
• Two or more chargeable accidents within one year. Chargeable means that the driver is determined to be the primary cause of the accident through speeding, inattention, etc. Contributing factors, such as weather or mechanical problems will be taken into consideration.
• Any combination of accidents and/or moving violations.

Violations include any ticket, charge, or other law enforcement proceeding relating to the driver’s performance and/or lawful compliance.

Driver Safety Rules

1. Driving on company business and/or driving a company vehicle while under the influence of intoxicants and other drugs (which could impair driving ability) is forbidden and is sufficient cause for discipline, up to and including termination of employment.
2. Cell phone use while driving should be kept to hands free devices. Drivers need to be aware when use of the cell phone is creating a distraction from safe driving and adjust their usage accordingly, including pulling off the road to continue/finish the conversation if needed. Whenever possible, Drivers should complete calls while the vehicle is parked and/or use the phone in a “hands free” mode via a headset or speaker. While driving, attention to the road and safety should always take precedence over conducting business over the phone.
3. No driver shall operate a company vehicle when his/her ability to do so safely has been impaired by illness, fatigue, injury, or prescription medication.
4. All drivers and passengers operating or riding in a company vehicle must wear seat belts, even if air bags are available.
5. No unauthorized personnel are allowed to ride in company vehicles.
6. Drivers are responsible for the security of company vehicles assigned to them. The vehicle engine must be shut off, ignition keys removed, and vehicle doors locked whenever the vehicle is left unattended.
7. Head lights shall be used at all times.
8. All State and Local laws must be obeyed.

Defensive Driving Guidelines

• Drivers are required to maintain a safe following distance at all times.
• Drivers should keep a two second interval between their vehicle and the vehicle immediately ahead. During slippery road conditions, the following distance should be increased to at least four seconds.
• Drivers must yield the right of way at all traffic control signals and signs requiring them to do so.
• Drivers should also be prepared to yield for safety’s sake at any time.
• Pedestrians and bicycles in the roadway always have the right of way.
• Drivers must honor posted speed limits. In adverse driving conditions, reduce speed to a safe operating speed that is consistent with the conditions of the road, weather, lighting, and volume of traffic. Tires can hydroplane on wet pavement at speeds as low as 40 mph.
• Radar Detectors are strictly prohibited in company Vehicles. Drivers are to drive at the speed of traffic but never to exceed the posted speed limit.
• Turn signals must be used when changing lanes or turning.
• When waiting to make left turns, keep your wheels facing straight ahead. If rear ended, you will not be pushed into the lane of oncoming traffic.
• When stopping behind another vehicle, leave enough space so you can see the rear wheels of the car in front. This allows room to go around the vehicle if necessary, and may prevent you from being pushed into the car in front of you if you are rear-ended.
• Avoid backing where possible, but, when necessary, keep the distance traveled to a minimum and be particularly careful.

Accident Procedures

1. In an attempt to minimize the results of an accident, the driver must prevent further damages or injuries and obtain all pertinent information and report it accurately.

• Call for medical aid if necessary.
• Call the police. All accidents, regardless of severity, must be reported to the police. If the driver cannot get to a phone, he should write a note giving location to a reliable appearing motorist and ask them to notify the police.
• Record names and addresses of driver, witnesses, and occupants of the other vehicles and any medical personnel who may arrive at the scene.
• Complete the Incident Notification form located in the Solution Center at www.im-safety.com.
• Gather the following information: license number of other drivers; insurance company names and policy numbers of other vehicles; make, model, and year of other vehicles; date and time of accident; and overall road and weather conditions.
• Use your cell phone to take pictures of the scene from a distance far enough away to capture all vehicles involved and get close up photos of the damage. If there are any contributing factors or tangibles, get photos of those as well.

2. Do not discuss the accident with anyone at the scene except the police. Do not accept any responsibility for the accident. Don’t argue with anyone.

3. Provide the other party with your name, address, driver’s license number, and insurance information.

4. Immediately report the accident to your manager and the HR Manager.

Note: There will be a formal accident review conducted on each accident to determine cause and how the accident could have been prevented.

General Information

Welding and cutting presents a risk of serious burns, electrical shock, and eye damage. Cutting and welding operations emits sparks and heat which presents a fire hazard. However, following a few simple safety precautions can keep your welding and cutting activities injury-free.

Preventive Measures

• Read the operator’s manual and familiarize yourself with the cutting/welding equipment you are using.
• Pay close attention to training provided by the Company.
• Wear proper personal protective equipment required to protect yourself from the hazards. This PPE could include:
  
  • welding gloves
  • long sleeved leathers or apron
  • welding helmet with appropriate filter shade
  • safety glasses
  • leather boots
  • fire-resistant welding pants
  • Ensure the work area is:
    • free of clutter
    • free of combustible and flammable materials
    • ventilated
• Ensure work is performed in a designated hot work area or a hot work permit is obtained.
• Ensure a fire extinguisher is readily available.
• Ensure the work piece is properly grounded when arc welding.
• When using gas cylinders, chain them securely to a stationary, upright support or cart at all times.
• Examine hoses and/or cables regularly for leaks, wear, and loose connections.
• Inspect the cylinder valve for damage and/or the presence of contaminants such as oil, grease or dust before using.
• Handle hot metal with pliers or tongs.

Now let’s review the three “F’s” of welding:

Fire
The welding arc creates extreme temperatures and may pose a significant fire and explosions hazard if these safe practices are not followed. While the welding arc may reach temperatures of 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, the real danger is not from the arc itself, but rather the intense light near the arc and the heat, sparks, and spatter created by the arc. This spatter can reach up to 35 feet away from the welding space.

To prevent fires, before beginning to weld, inspect the work area for any flammable materials and remove them from the area. Flammable materials are comprised of three categories: liquid, such as gasoline, oil and paint; solid, such as wood, cardboard and paper; gas, including acetylene, propane and hydrogen.

Know where the fire alarms and extinguishers are located and check the extinguisher’s gauge to make sure it is full.

If welding within 35 feet of flammable materials, have a fire watcher nearby to keep track of sparks, and remain in the work area for at least 30 minutes after finishing welding to be sure there are no smoldering fires. Put a fire-resistant material, such as a piece of sheet metal or fire-resistant blanket over any flammable materials within the work area, if you can’t remove them.

In an elevated location, make sure no flammable materials are beneath you, and watch out for other workers below you in order to prevent dropping sparks or spatter on them. Even high concentrations of fine dust particles may cause explosions or flash fires. If a fire starts, don’t panic–call the fire department immediately.

Fumes
It’s no surprise that overexposure to welding fumes and gases can be hazardous to your health. Welding fume contains potentially harmful complex metal oxide compounds from consumables, base metal and the base-metal coatings, so it’s important to keep your head out of the fumes and use enough ventilation and/or exhaust to control your exposure to substances in the fume, depending on the type of rod and base metal being used.

The specific potential health effects which relate to the welding consumable product being used can be found in the Health Hazard Data section of the Safety Data Sheet available from your employer or the consumable manufacturer. If the air in your breathing zone is not clear, or if breathing is uncomfortable, check to be sure the ventilation equipment is working, and report concerns to a supervisor so your exposure to substances in the welding fume can be checked. This is especially important when welding with stainless steel or hard facing products. To prevent exposure from coatings such as paint, galvanizing, or metal plating’s on base metals, clean the base metal before beginning to weld.

Face
Helmets with side shields are essential for protecting eyes and skin from exposure to arc rays. Make sure to choose the right shade lens for your process – use the helmet’s instructions to help select the right shade level. Begin with a darker filter lens and gradually change to a lighter shade until you have good visibility at the puddle and weld joint, but it is comfortable and does not irritate your eyes. Helmets also protect from sparks, heat and electric shock. Welder’s flash from improper eye protection may cause extreme discomfort, swelling or temporary blindness, so don’t take any risks – wear a helmet at all times during welding.

When it comes to working with Welding equipment, the goal is to perform your job without injury or incident. In order to do this, there are three things you must do ALL the time:

• Have a good plan that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards associated with your work, and
• STOP work if something isn’t right or it doesn’t seem right, and fix the problem before proceeding.

You will never be punished for stopping work to prevent an incident from occurring!

If you've ever been the first one on the scene at an automobile accident or have been working next to someone who had a traumatic injury at work, then you know how important it is to know what to do.

So often in the stress of the situation we forget some of the basics. This can be such a stressful time and your desire to help in a hurry mysteriously "fogs" your brain of the basics. That's why it is so important to know some of the basics of emergency response.

These are just some of the basics that each of us should know here at Innovations Manufacturing:

• The nearest phone to call emergency services is in the Production Managers office. The front office also has working phones for emergency purposes. You can also use your cell phone to call emergency services.
• For medical and law enforcement emergencies you should call 911 immediately. Always notify your manager immediately after calling 911. For non-emergency issues you can find the emergency numbers in the Emergency Action Plane (EAP) located at the online Safety Solution Center located at www.im-safety.com.
• Fire extinguishers are located all around the shop, and they are identified with signs.
• All employees are required to take the Fire Prevention and Response training module before attempting to extinguish a fire with a fire extinguisher.
• From the window shop there are two emergency exits- one at the NW corner of the shop and one on the NE corner of the shop. It is important that neither exit is blocked with the forklift, cooling fans, or other materials.
• From the Grape Street factory floor there is an emergency exit at the NW corner, the SE corner, and through the front office. The muster area is designated as the South parking lot. The street will be used by emergency vehicles.
• From the Stapleton South Drive factory there are two emergency exits on the East side of the shop and an overhead bay door on the NW corner of the shop. The muster area is designated to be outside the front door between the building and the frontage road. During an emergency the parking lot will be used by emergency vehicles.
• The first aid kit, the defibrillator, and the bloodborne pathogen kits are located in the First Aid areas of the factories.
• It is expected that all injured employees who are coherent and capable should self-perform first aid in the event of injury. Designated employees will be trained to perform first aid in the event of a medical emergency where injured employee(s) are unable to render self-aid.
• Signs of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech, or sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination.
• Signs of a heart attack include chest pain or discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center or left side of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back. The discomfort can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. Additional symptoms include feeling weak, light-headed, or faint. You may also break out into a cold sweat. Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back. Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders. Shortness of breath. This often comes along with chest discomfort, but shortness of breath also can happen before chest discomfort.
• In case of a tornado warning, take shelter in the break rooms, offices, or restrooms. You want to be in small room adjacent to a corner or outside concrete wall. The center of large rooms will suffer the most damage.
• Never re-enter an emergency to rescue another person from a hazardous environment. More people are killed re-entering an emergency as a rescuer than die from the emergency itself. Learn more HERE.
• In the event of an emergency do not leave work until you have been accounted for and your supervisor has excused you from your duties. Leaving the site will lead management to believe you are a victim of the emergency and responders will enter harms way to perform a rescue of someone (you) who has left the site.

These are just a few things that each of us should know while on the job. We aren't all necessarily first responders, but we can certainly help during an emergency response, and we may be called upon if a coworker close to you has a traumatic event.

Incident Example:
Speaking of Emergency Response, Singing Bob will never forget the tragedy he experienced at the trucking company he worked at years ago. His co-worker Josh was the maintenance supervisor, and a real go-getter. There was no job to hard for Josh, he could solve any problem and fix any equipment. One day Josh needed to enter Singing Bobs cutting oil tanker to clean an obstruction from the drain tube. Josh ignored the company policy that required respiratory protection and entered the tank without adequate respiratory protection. When Josh’s brother, Kelly, came looking for Josh, he saw his brother unconscious inside the tank. At this time the situation had become an emergency. Singing Bob had not paid such close attention to his training, so he didn’t’ know how to adequately respond to the situation. Kelly didn’t work inside tanks, so he hadn't attended Confined Space Entry training… it was an oversight that developed into a real-life tragedy. All Singing Bob could do is watch as Kelly grabbed two respirators and entered the tank. But because Kelly didn’t properly don a respirator before entering the tank, Kelly was the second victim. Singing Bob, struck with panic, ran to the office, and grabbed Rod, the father of the two men (and the owner of the company). Singing Bob told Rod that his two sons were unconscious in the tank, and they needed help. Because Rod didn’t have any training, he didn’t think twice before jumping into the tank to save his boys… three men lost their lives that day. Me and singing Bob attended the funerals together. Poor Singing Bob, he had to sing at his best friend’s funeral. People say that from that day forward Singing Bob could be heard quietly singing about how he wished he would have paid closer attention to the training the Company provided, so he would have known how to prevent his co-workers from entering an unsafe environment, when he should have called 911 instead. It was so sad listening to the lonesome howl of Singing Bob spinning a tune at the funeral of his three friends.

Think about the story you received here, and I'd even suggest that you talk about these emergency response topics with your family or roommates at home. Statistically you are more likely to be exposed to an emergency outside of the workplace. Always be prepared for an emergency!

Emergency Exits and Fire Safety Training
It’s of the utmost importance (and a legal requirement) that we maintain clear emergency exits and we have a fire safety evacuation plan in place. The plan must have:

• a clear passageway to all escape routes
• enough exits and routes for all people to escape
• exit doors that open easily
• emergency lighting where applicable
• a safe meeting point for employees

In case an emergency exit is required, workers must exit through the nearest exit unobstructed by the emergency and make your way to the designated muster area.

Lockout/Tagout/Tryout
Lockout/Tagout/Tryout protects a worker or workers by preventing others from turning on equipment or from a release of energy while working on or servicing equipment & machinery. LO/TO controls hazardous energy while maintenance is performed.

How it works
All power sources must be disconnected and locked in the off position. Each person involved will lock out the power with their own personal lock and key, so they have control of the energy source. They place a tag on the lock to warn others and to identify who is responsible. Before beginning work, each person tries the energy source to ensure it is locked out. No worker other than the worker who applied the LOTO may remove another worker’s lock. Therefore, no one can accidently turn on the equipment. At Innovations Manufacturing only designated employees can lockout power sources and perform maintenance on energy supplied equipment.

Injury Example
I remember when Singing Bob was cleaning a punch press. He decided to take the guard away from around the punch and clean the punch parts with his fingers. He reached into the punch press when somehow the punch was actuated, and all his fingers except his middle finger was severed. This is where Singing Bob got the singing part of his name- he was singing like a sasquatch when those fingers hit the floor- it was a tragedy nobody will ever forget.

During the investigation, Singing Bob said that he made sure the cord for the punch was unplugged before he started performing maintenance, but what Singing Bod didn’t realize was that the plug he saw was for another piece of equipment. If Singing Bob had locked and tagged out the punch, released the stored energy, and then tried to actuate the punch before placing his hands in the danger point, he would not have suffered the amputation injuries. It would have only taken 60 seconds. Singing Bob now itches himself with his middle finger- this creates a whole different set of troubles for Singing Bob…

Identify all Power Sources
Identify the equipment or machinery that needs to be shut down and ALL its energy sources.

• Electrical, mechanical, gravitational, thermal, hydraulic, pneumatic, and chemical.
• Determine if there are any stored energy sources, such as: capacitors, springs; elevated components; rotating flywheels; hydraulic systems; air, gas, steam, water pressure; piles that can shift; etc.
• Properly shut down equipment and machines: Notify affected workers about the shutdown – specifically those who work on the machines or equipment or work in areas where LO/TO will be conducted.
• Shut off the power sources.

Lockout/Tagout (LO/TO)

• Apply locks & tags to the power sources and isolate the energy sources so the machine/equipment cannot be started and cannot move.

Try Out

• Test to see if the equipment is properly locked out by trying to start it.
• After the work is completed and before LOTO is removed, remove all tools and equipment from the equipment.
• Notify all affected employees that the locks will be removed, and the equipment will be restarted.

Remove Locks & Tags
When the work is complete, all tools are removed and accounted for, unguarded moving parts have been covered and protected from human access, and all affected workers have approved the restart of equipment, you can remove the locks and tags and place the equipment back into service.

• Only the person who applies the lock(s) and tag(s) is authorized to remove the lock(s) and tag(s).

When do we need LO/TO?

• Before any repairs, maintenance, or service on equipment.
• Before any work on equipment that requires a person to place any part of their body in or near the point of operation.

Summary:

• Lock out all energy sources.
• Put on a tag to warn others & identify yourself as the responsible person.
• Test to make sure the equipment is locked out.
• ONLY the person who put on the lock and tag removes it.

When it comes to performing maintenance on equipment, the goal is to perform your job without injury or incident. In order to do this, there are three things you must do ALL the time:

• Have a good plan that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards associated with your work, and
• STOP work if something isn’t right or it doesn’t seem right and fix the problem before proceeding.

You will never be punished for stopping work to prevent an incident from occurring!

Fire, or combustion, is when fuel reacts with oxygen to release heat energy. Combustion can be slow or fast depending on the amount of oxygen available. Combustion that results in a flame is very fast and is called burning. Combustion can only occur between gases.

The fuel must be heated to its ignition temperature for combustion to occur. The reaction will keep going as long as there is enough heat, fuel and oxygen. This is known as the fire triangle.

Fire Triangle:
The fire triangle, or combustion triangle, is the three components needed to ignite and sustain a fire. The three ingredients of a fire triangle are heat, fuel, and oxygen.

If just one of these components is removed, the fire triangle will collapse, and the fire will be extinguished.

Let’s explore these components in more detail:

1. Heat
A source of heat is required in order for ignition to occur, and different materials have different ‘flash points’ e.g. the lowest temperature at which they ignite.
Unfortunately, combustion reactions also produce heat as they burn, further increasing the temperature of the fuel. For some types of fire, the heat can be cooled with the application of water.
2. Fuel
A fire cannot begin if there is no material to burn. Homes and businesses are full of flammable materials, such as paper, oil, wood and fabrics. Any of these can serve as a fuel for a fire. Some materials burn more easily than others. Fuels are probably the most difficult ‘side’ of the fire triangle to remove, so it’s wise to store them appropriately to prevent them from becoming a fire hazard.
3. Oxygen
To sustain the combustion reaction, oxygen (or an oxidizing agent) is needed, as it reacts with the burning fuel to release heat and CO2. Earth’s atmosphere consists of 21% oxygen, so there is plenty available to trigger a fire if the other two components are present.
Fire blankets and certain fire extinguishers remove the oxygen ‘side’ of the triangle by removing it or displacing it, causing suffocation and thereby ceasing the combustion reaction.

Fire Facts

Fire normally generates three different types of hazards: heat, oxygen depletion and smoke.

Heat: The most obvious hazard is heat. Although the majority of fire deaths are caused by smoke, many deaths and severe injuries are caused by burns. When the temperature of skin reaches 133 degrees, it’s associated with pain.

A room fire can range from 212 degrees at floor level to 2192 degrees at the ceiling.

As temperatures rise above 260 degrees, skin will burn with permanent injuries, and if extremely hot air is inhaled it can scorch internal organs.

Oxygen Depletion: A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) can cause serious harm to the brain. As fire roars and grows, it consumes enormous amounts of Oxygen. I.e. a small fire in a normal house will normally consume all the oxygen inside the home in under 30 seconds.

The brain needs a constant supply of oxygen. If the oxygen intake is interrupted for more than 3 minutes the brain can suffer irreversible damage.

Smoke: Smoke is all the airborne products of the pyrolysis and combustion of materials, and it can be very toxic. It’s particles, gases such as carbon monoxide, volatilized organic molecules, aerosols and free radicals are deadly when inhaled.

A fire often gives off a dark, thick smoke. In a serious fire, it can be hard to see what’s ahead and where you’re going. Breathing in even the smallest amount of the toxic smoke can disorient a person quickly, causing them to pass out.

How to prevent and stop the spread of fires

Heat: Heat usually originates from people smoking, equipment malfunctions, hot work, neglected electrical, or arson.
Heat is occasionally inevitable; in which case it is important that this heat is kept away from fuel or that it’s being carefully managed under a controlled environment.

Fuel: As previously mentioned, flammable materials (fuel) are materials that burn readily in a normal atmosphere. It’s important that all these flammable materials are identified and that appropriate measures are taken to control them. You need to store these materials appropriately, and in appropriate quantities, furthermore you need to maintain good housekeeping. For extra volatile flammable materials, make sure that these are stored with extra precautions.

Oxygen: The air we breathe contains ~21% of oxygen. With just a small increase to say 23% oxygen – a fire will burn hotter and more fiercely. With just a little more oxygen in the air, a fire can become almost impossible to put out.
If you’ve got any equipment that could be leaking oxygen, you need to ensure that these are safeguarded properly.

Fire Extinguishers: Choosing a fire extinguisher is often easier said than done, especially if you’re working in an environment where the source of the fire could be a range of different things.

Nonetheless, it is extremely important to be able to choose the right fire extinguisher, or you can end up getting seriously hurt.

Classifications of Fires and Extinguishers

Class A
Class A fires involve ordinary combustible materials, such as cloth, wood, paper, rubber, and many plastics. Extinguishers with an A rating are designed to extinguish fires involving these ordinary combustible materials.

Class B
Class B fires involve flammable and combustible liquids such as gasoline, alcohol, oil-based paints, lacquers. Therefore, extinguishers with a B rating are designed to extinguish fires involving flammable and combustible liquids.

Note: Do not attempt to extinguish a fire involving flammable gas unless there is reasonable assurance the source of fuel can be promptly shut off. In fact, if the only fuel burning is the leaking gas, the best method for extinguishing the fire is to shut off the fuel supply. Extinguishing a flammable gas fire, without shutting off the fuel, will allow unburned gas to escape into the atmosphere, which may permit a dangerous accumulation of gas to develop, and an explosion may occur if the gas is exposed to an ignition source.

Class C
Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment. Extinguishers with a C rating are designed for use with fires involving energized electrical equipment.

Class D
Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, and sodium. Extinguishers with a D rating are designed to extinguish fires involving combustible metals.

Note: Common extinguishing agents may react with a combustible metal fire causing the severity of the fire to increase. The most common method for extinguishing a combustible metal fire is to cover the burning material with a dry powder, such as sand, which will not react with the material. 

Class K
Class K fires involve vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats in cooking appliances. Extinguishers with a K rating are designed to extinguish fires involving vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats utilized in commercial cooking appliances.

Note: Extinguishers with a K rating are normally required where deep-fryers and/or griddles are utilized to prepare large quantities of food. An example would be a commercial kitchen similar to those found in restaurants and cafeterias.

Multipurpose Extinguishers
Most portable extinguishers are rated for use with more than one classification of fire. For example, an extinguisher with a BC rating is suitable for use with fires involving flammable liquids and energized electrical equipment. An extinguisher with an ABC rating is suitable for use with fires involving ordinary combustibles, flammable liquids, and energized electrical equipment. An extinguisher that is rated for use with multiple hazards should include a symbol for each hazard type.

The Company supplies ABC fire extinguishers in all work areas.

Use of Extinguishers
In the event of a fire, one employee will get the nearest fire extinguisher and use it to attempt to put the fire out.  All other employees in the immediate area will prepare to evacuate if needed.  All other employees in the building need to be advised that a fire is in progress. 

The employee attempting to extinguish the fire will break the safety seal on the handle and pull the pin.  He will then aim his extinguisher at the base of the fire and discharge it with a sweeping motion from side to side; continuing until the fire is out or the extinguisher is emptied. 

Remember that a standard fire extinguisher will be emptied in about 10 to 15 seconds.  Multiple extinguishers can be used to put out a small fire. If extinguishers are not able to put out the fire or they serve to spresd the fire, all employees must evacuate the area and fire fighters must manage the fire.

Innovations Manufacturing (the Company) facilities are located in areas where prompt emergency medical attention is immediately available by local emergency services. Although local emergency services are readily available, there are basic first aid techniques that you should know and be able to administer to ensure the injured person (IP) receives adequate care in preparation for the arrival of emergency services.

By administering immediate care during an emergency, you can help an ill or injured person before EMS arrives- and you may be able to help save a life. However, even after training, remembering the right first aid steps and administering them correctly can be difficult. In order to help you deliver the right care at the right time, we've translated this simple step-by-step section into a Toolbox Talk as a guide that you can access from any online smart device by going to www.im-safety.com.

Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne Pathogen Cleanup PPE
Employers must select and provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as goggles, gloves, aprons/gowns, and facemasks that will protect workers when they engage in Bloodborne Pathogen cleanup.

Workers are required to wear PPE to help minimize exposure to pathogens via the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and eyes, or broken skin.

PPE suitable for contact-transmissible diseases including bloodborne pathogens includes:

• Nitrile Gloves – consider using double-gloves (two pairs of gloves worn over one another) for extra protection);
• Fluid resistant or fluid impermeable gowns
• Protective eyewear – such as goggles or face shields
• Face masks – that cover both the nose and the mouth.

Wearing protective sleeves and leg and footwear coverings or coveralls further reduces the risk of contact with infectious materials.

In some cases, additional respiratory protection for example, rebreathers, may be necessary to protect workers from exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens and/or disinfectant chemicals.

• Use tools from a spill kit such as tongs or forceps as much as possible rather than doing cleanup work directly with gloved hands.
• After cleaning and disinfection work is complete, remove your PPE as follows:
  
  • Gloves, goggle or face shields
  • Gown
  • Mask or respirator.
  • Wash hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand gel if no running water is available.
• Avoid cleaning techniques that use pressurized air or water sprays as these may result in the generation of bio-aerosols (aerosolized droplets containing bloodborne pathogen containing particles that can be inhaled).

Disinfecting the Site
All work surfaces shall be properly cleaned and disinfected after contact with blood or other potentially infectious material using a solution of 5.25% bleach diluted 1:10 with water or any other disinfectant approved for use by Infection Prevention and Control.

Guidelines For Waste Disposal

• Soak the materials and PPE used in the cleanup and decontamination in disinfectant, double-bag, and place in a leak-proof container to further reduce the risk of employee exposure and discard in the garbage dumpster.
• Employees are required to dispose of their own sharps, the Company does not assume this responsibility.
• All contaminated material with porous surfaces that have been disinfected do not require disposal as Regulated Medical Waste. Place it in a double lined plastic bag and discard in the regular trash dumpster.
• Sites contaminated with significant amounts of raw human blood or other human excretions shall be cleaned up by a third-party service company and not by Innovations Manufacturing employees.

Checking an Injured or Ill Person
1. CHECK the scene to make sure you are in a safe place and then take an assessment of the situation to determine the type of injury or cognitive state of the Injured Person (IP). If the IP is alert, you should obtain consent prior administering first aid. Always use the proper PPE when administering first aid. Note: the Company does not allow employees to administer minor first aid treatment on-duty to co-workers who are capable and able to self-render first aid treatment.

2. If the person appears unresponsive, CHECK for responsiveness, breathing, life-threatening bleeding or other life-threatening conditions using the shout-tap-shout (shouting at them, tapping on them and then shouting at them) technique. CHECK for no more than 10 seconds.

3. If the person does not respond, responds but is not fully awake, is not breathing or is only gasping, or has life-threatening bleeding or another obvious life-threatening condition/s, CALL 9-1-1 immediately. Then provide care based on the condition found and your level of training and continue your CHECK to determine if additional care is needed. For a person who is unresponsive and not breathing, a trained first aid care giver should start CPR and use an AED immediately.

If the person is responsive or responds to stimulation and is fully awake and does not appear to have a life-threatening condition:

• Interview the person (or bystanders, if necessary), ask questions about signs and symptoms, allergies, and medications and medical conditions.
• Do a focused check based on what the person told you, how the person is acting and what you see. Note: Do not ask the person to move if you suspect a head, neck or spinal injury. Do not ask the person to move any area of the body that causes discomfort or pain.
• As you check the person, take note of any medical identification tags.

4. After completing the CHECK step, CALL 9-1-1 to get help on the way if the injury requires. The key is to get professional emergency services to seriously injured person as quickly as possible.

5. If an injured person’s blood or other infectious material makes contact with any surfaces in the workplace, only the injured person is allowed to clean up the bodily fluid. The only time another person is allowed to clean up another person’s bodily fluid is when the donor is incapacitated.

Improper storage and handling of flammable chemicals, and failure to recognize and control ignition sources, have accounted for many of the catastrophic accidents involving flammable liquid use and manufacturing.

Statistics have indicated that more than 21 percent of industrial fires and 15 percent of office fires start with the ignition of a flammable or combustible liquid.

What are flammables?

A combustible substance is one that catches fire and burns easily; a flammable substance is one that continues to burn even after the ignition source is removed. Determine the flammability of a combustible liquid by:

• Flash point- the lowest temperature at which vapors, or gases will ignite. The flash point can be found on the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the specific material. SDS sheets are stored at the Company Right to Know Center located at the online Solution Center at www.im-safety.com
• Fire point- the temperature at which a combustible liquid gives off vapors
• Minimum concentration of extinguishing agents needed to extinguish the fire
• Combustion rate
• Temperature increases during combustion

Flammable liquids burn with intensity. Few materials can generate as many British thermal units (BTUs) per pound as flammable liquids. This accounts for the rapid heat buildup and how fast the fire spreads.

It is extremely important for employees to realize that the liquid itself does not burn, It is the vapors, which are invisible and generally heavier than air that burns. The vapors settle to the floor and are moved by air flow. Always consult the safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer to determine the flammability of a particular liquid.

It is important when storing or working with flammable liquids that you are not exposed to ignition sources such as:

• Open flames
• Electrical switches
• Open motors
• Static electricity
• Friction and mechanical sparks
• Smoking
• Heat guns
• Cutting and welding
• Radiant heat

Each day as you go out to your work area, take a moment and look around. What flammable liquids are you using or storing? Are there any ignition sources around? Are they stored properly? Take the time necessary to properly prepare your work area and you will prevent a fire from occurring.

Injury Example:
Singing Bob was working in the tool room cleaning grease off his tools when he was asked by his boss to fuel the yard buggy with gasoline from the five-gallon gas can. Although flammable liquids were not allowed to be stored in the storage room, this is where the yard buggy had been parked to get it out of the cold. Singing Bob never understood why flammable liquids weren’t allowed in the storage room, so he thought nothing of fueling the buggy right where it was parked. As singing Bob fueled the buggy, a slow drip from the can fell to the floor. Inside the storage room utility closet was the gas water heater and the furnace. The concrete in the storage room gently sloped towards the drain that was right under the water heater. As Bob fueled the buggy, the leaking gas flowed into the utility closet… BOOM. The flames traveled right into the neck of the can and the explosion blew the contents of the can onto Singing Bob from the waist down. Singing Bob survived the accident but for over a year he could be heard perfecting his sasquatch screeches from the burn unit of the university hospital. Not to mention the physical and mental issues that will persist for the rest of his life. 

If you ever see a co-worker taking unnecessary risks with flammable liquids, ask them “what would ole Singing Bob say if he saw you doing that?”

Forklift operations are happening everywhere at Innovations Manufacturing. The forklift is used to move materials from one part of the factory floor to another and to load and unload trucks. The powered equipment literally travels every part of the factory floor.

Just like all pieces of machinery, there are rules and regulations that need to be followed when operating forklifts. Depending on the type of forklift that you are using, the safety protocols may vary, but overall, the same type of forklift safety precautions are needed everywhere you go. It is not only about the operator's safety, but also the safety of workers who are in close proximity to the forklift operations- which is just about everybody at some point in time.

Forklift Injury & Fatality Statistics
Forklift accidents happen all too often in warehouses and on jobsites across the country. Thanks to institutions like OSHA and NIOSH, we are able to get data on the occurrence and causes of forklift injuries and fatalities in order to help prevent future injuries from occurring.

OSHA Forklift Fatality Statistics
OSHA reports that annually there are about 85 fatalities having to do with forklifts. That is a large number that needs to be reduced. One of the biggest risks with forklifts, is being on uneven ground or having an uneven load, and the machine tips over or the load falls off.

OSHA Forklift Injury Statistics
Annually OSHA received over 34,000 reports of serious injuries due to forklift accidents. That’s an average of 680 serious accidents per state per year.

NIOSH Forklift Fatality Research
Over a period of 14 years, NIOSH recorded and investigated 1,024 fatal incidents that happened with forklifts. Of all of those incidents that occurred, NIOSH discovered that the breakdown of them all was as followed:

• 9% of People Fell From The Forklift
• 16% of People Were Crushed By The Forklift
• 20% of People Were Struck By A Forklift
• 22% of People Were Killed By An Overturned Forklift

Forklift Safety Practices
Making sure that everyone is aware of forklift safety precautions and regulations that need to be followed can make a worksite safer. There is a risk of injury from a forklift to everyone that is on the Company factory floor and if everyone works together to make things as safe as possible, unnecessary injuries can be avoided. Here are some forklift safety talking points that we all should know before operating a forklift.

1. Avoid Crowded Areas
Areas that are crowded with people make for a dangerous situation. The workers who are walking around the factory floor are at risk of being struck by the forklift, pinned between things, or injured from things falling. For forklift-pedestrian safety, it is best to make sure that workers are not in the path of the forklift or in the fall-zone when it is operating.

2. Watch The Weight Of The Load
When the forklift is loaded, making sure that the weight limit is being adhered to is important. Having uneven loads that are too heavy can make for dangerous situations. The machinery can tip over or the load can fall off, posing as a risk to the operator and the surrounding workers.

3. Watch The Fork Height
When you are moving a load or even without a load, the forks of the machine should be low to the ground. This way things can be more easily managed and if there were to be a problem, there is less risk of it hurting someone.

4. Watch Your Speed
When you are operating a forklift on the worksite, there is no reason to travel at excessive speed. Going slow and steady is safest for everyone involved. That way you can be more aware of your surroundings and things that may get in your way.

5. Stay On Even Ground
Uneven grounds are the most common reason for tip-overs happening to the forklift. Make sure that you are paying attention to the ground levels that you are working on. The load that you are carrying will determine how well the forklift travels on uneven grounds as well.

6. Use The Seatbelt
Safety belts should always be worn when you are operating a moving vehicle of any kind. The forklift is no exception to that rule. Anyone who is operating the equipment should always have the seatbelt on and buckled for their safety.

7. Stay Put When Tipping Over
When you are in a forklift and it begins to tip, your first instinct may be to jump out. This is actually more dangerous than staying put. You risk slipping or not jumping far enough and getting stuck under the equipment. The best thing to do is to stay put and brace yourself the best you can.

8. Only Operate If Qualified
There are qualifications required before you are allowed to operate a forklift for the Company. These instructions are going to teach you the correct usage and safety guidelines needed to operate them. It is important that when you are on a job site, that you are only operating machinery that you are authorized to use.

Accident Example:
In this accident video, Singing Bob tries to fit his forklift past a hand lift truck and the warehouse storage shelves. It would have only taken 30 seconds to move the obstruction, but true to form, Singing Bob took an unnecessary risk and ended up nearly killing himself and three co-workers.

Associated Hazards
Compressed gas cylinders present a variety of hazards due to their pressure and/or their contents. Depending on the particular gas, there is also potential simultaneous exposure to both mechanical and chemical hazards. Compressed gases may be:

• Flammable or Combustible
• Explosive
• Corrosive
• Acidic
• Reactive
• Toxic
• Inert

Physical Hazards
Compressed gas cylinders have very high internal pressures, in some cases up to 2,500 psi. Exposing these cylinders to heat, knocking them over, or allowing them to become part of an electric circuit can contribute to weakness in the cylinder wall or damage to the valve. Such careless actions or damage can cause serious consequences, such as:

• The cylinder to tip over onto the user causing a contusion or crushing injury.
• The cylinder wall ruptures and explodes, sending metal shrapnel flying into the air.
• The valve becomes broken off, rapidly releasing all of the gas contents and possibly spinning out of control or actually becoming airborne.

Content Hazards
Each compressed gas cylinder has unique hazards based on its contents. An incident involving the release of flammable, corrosive, explosive, toxic, or a combination of these gases could cause harm to human health. Some gases are inert, but do not confuse this with being “safe!” Depending on the gas or mixture of gases, an accidental release or leak from a cylinder could cause:

• Burns or frostbite from contact with rapidly expanding gases
• Suffocation (asphyxiation) or death
• Chemical poisoning from toxic gases
• Damage to certain target organs
• Exacerbation of pre-existing health problems
• An increased risk of fire and may aid combustion
• Destruction of skin and mucous membranes

Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders
Proper storage of gas cylinders is paramount to the safety and health of anyone using compressed gas cylinders.

Follow these simple guidelines to ensure that cylinders are guarded against damage:

• Store cylinders upright, in well-ventilated areas, and out of inclement weather
• Place cylinders in a location where they will not be subject to damage, heat, or electrical contact
• Do not store cylinders in exits or egress routes, like public hallways or other unprotected areas
• Store gases with the same hazard class in the same area- inert gases are compatible with all other gases and may be stored together
• Mark the storage area with proper precautionary signs, such as no smoking, fuel gas storage, or oxidizer storage
• Properly secure tanks to a stable object using chains, straps, or cages
  • Fix or secure tanks at approximately 2/3 the height of the cylinder – secured above the midpoint but below the shoulder
  • Cylinders approved stands or wall brackets may ensure less than 18″ tall
• Never store acetylene cylinders on their sides
  Completely close the valves, and keep the valve protection caps on cylinders when not in use or attached to a system
• Keep oxygen cylinders at least 20 ft. away from all flammables, combustibles, or incompatible substances
• Store empty cylinders separately from full cylinders
• Ensure that empty tanks are labeled or tagged, indicating that the tank is “empty” and that the valves are closed with the protective cover in place.

Handling & Transport of Gas Cylinders
Most accidents or injuries involving cylinders happen when moving or handling gas cylinders. Use the right equipment, follow the correct procedures and use a sufficient number of personnel to lift or move cylinders to avoid personal injury and cylinder damage.

Handling and Use Requirements:

• Keep cylinders upright and away from heat, sparks, fire, physical damage, or electrical circuits to avoid rupture
• Clean valves of any dust or dirt before attaching the regulator, and always use the correct regulator for the specific gas intended
• Never force connection fittings and do not tamper or alter the regulators
• Stand off to the side of the cylinder when opening a valve
• Inspect the regulator and cylinder valves for grease, oil, dirt, and solvent
• Never use grease or oil to lubricate regulators or cylinder valves because they can cause an explosion
• Position the cylinder so that the valve handle at the top is easily accessible
• When using toxic or irritating gas, the valve should only be opened while the cylinder is in a working fume hood
• Always open valves slowly and only use wrenches or tools that are provided by the cylinder supplier- never use screwdrivers or pliers to open a cylinder valve
• Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid gas accumulation
• Do not bring cylinders into a confined space
• Never use copper fittings or tubing on acetylene tanks – an explosion may result
• Close the cylinder valve and release all pressure before removing the regulator from the cylinder
• Never leave pressure in a regulator when it is not in use
• If you suspect that a cylinder is leaking, use soapy water- never use a flame to detect a gas leak

Injury Example:
In this injury example, Singing Bob left a gas cylinder in the upright position without the proper securement. This failure nearly cost several workers their lives: 

 

Hand tools are devices that are powered manually. These include hammers, chisels, wrenches, screwdrivers, knives, and saws, to name just a few.

Since hand tools can be found in just about any workplace and at home, it’s easy to forget that they still pose a threat to your safety and require safe handling.

Some of the dangers associated with hand tools include being struck by the tools themselves or by flying fragments that can cause lacerations, fractures and even amputations. Sparks produced by hand tools have resulted in fires. Improper use of hand tools or over-exertion often results in ergonomic injuries like sprains, strains, pulled muscles, and contusions.

How to Reduce Your Risk of Injury
Here are some of the best ways you can minimize your risk of injury when using hand tools:

• Select the right tool for the job. For example, don’t use a chisel instead of a screwdriver. The chisel might not fit the groove and slip out, injuring you or someone nearby.
• Select a tool that is properly designed for you and for the job. Poorly designed tools can lead to injuries of the hand, wrist, forearm, shoulder and neck. Choose a tool with a smooth, nonconductive, and slightly compressible grip. Check that the handle size fits you and that the tool’s weight is appropriate for the task
• Inspect each tool for damage before using. A dull saw is even more dangerous than a sharp one.
• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as safety glasses, work gloves and hearing protection.
• To protect others, use your tools so that they are directed away from coworkers.
• Avoid awkward and repetitive motions when possible.
• Where appropriate clothing and ensure that the materials you are working on are secured with a vise.
• Check your working conditions. Ensure that the floor is clean and dry to reduce the risk of an accidental slip.
• Injuries sometimes occur when a tool slips from a worker’s hand or falls from a height. You can reduce the likelihood of these incidents by ensuring that your grip and footing are secure when using hand tools.
• Carry your tools securely in a tool belt or a toolbox.
• Do not create a tripping hazard with your tools. Keep your tools off the floor and especially away from walking paths.
• Maintain your tools. Clean, lubricate, and/or sharpen them according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
• If a tool is damaged, clearly label that it is damaged and remove it from service or destroy the tool and discard it in the garbage.
• Work with hand tools on a bench or other firm surface and never apply pressure with hand tools when working over your legs or other body parts.

Injury Example:
Singing Bob will never forget the day he needed to replace the broom head on the end of a wood handle. Rather than working on a tool bench or table, ole Bob sat down on a wood crate and placed the tool over his knees. As Bob applied pressure to the small stripped out Phillips head screw the screwdriver slipped and buried itself in Bob’s leg. When the screwdriver hit the femur bone everybody in the factory heard ole Singing Bob sing like a sasquatch.

When it comes to working with Hand Tools, the goal is to perform your job without injury or incident. In order to do this, there are three things you must do ALL the time:

• Have a good plan that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards associated with your work, and
• STOP work if something isn’t right or it doesn’t seem right and fix the problem before proceeding.

You will never be punished for stopping work to prevent an incident from occurring!

Hazard recognition is a means of identifying, assessing and prioritizing hazards, both existing and potential. Hazards are always present, regardless of the location you are working in. It is imperative to be able to demonstrate hazard recognition in all areas and aspects of your workplace and personal life.

The Company, including every worker, is responsible to identify and control, to the best of their ability, workplace hazards that they discover, know about, or assume could be present. Just the same, workers have the right to know about the hazards of the job and how to protect themselves, and the responsibility to ensure they are following company rules that outline the hazard and control process.

This training along with continued training the Company will provide is intended to inform and help workers to understand what a hazard is, what the dangers of the job are, how they can affect people, property, and the environment, and how to prevent them. The goal of hazard recognition is not to place blame on individuals or become an enforcer, but to promote a safer workplace and improve teamwork and communication by creating better recognition and instill safe work habits. Hazards are to be dealt with and communicated in a timely manner to prevent incidents and injuries from occurring. How much commitment you apply in recognizing and controlling hazards will affect the safety of your workplace and your co-workers.

The goal of a safe workplace is to prevent incidents and injuries from happening, and it takes all workers, regardless of role or seniority, to accomplish this.

Recognition of hazards is of the utmost importance for the safety of all those that work for this Company.

Effective Hazard Control:
A hazard assessment is performed by recognizing and assessing the existing and potential hazards of a worksite and assigning hazard controls with the intent of preventing an incident or accident from occurring in the future.

Recognize and Understand: You need to be able to recognize the hazard and understand how it will or can affect you, your co-workers, Company property, and/or the environment.

Determine what hazards are present at the worksite:
Assess: Measuring the consequences of the hazard enables you to control or mitigate the severity of the hazard. The consequences should be prioritized on a “worst first” basis. Assess the level of all hazards and then eliminate or mitigate the highest risk hazards first.

Document: All hazard assessments must be documented. Documentation must include all hazards, what controls are put in place for protection, and all affected employees must be trained to understand the hazards and their control methods.

Follow-up: A hazard assessment must be revisited any time a condition or physical effect changes. For example, if a new machine is installed in the factory, a new assessment must be conducted to identify the new potential for harm and what control(s) are needed. Monitor and follow-up to ensure the control strategies chosen are implemented and effective.

The challenge with hazard assessment and prioritization:

We all perceive hazards differently and we all have a difference level of risk tolerance. One individual may perceive a situation as hazardous with the potential to cause severe damage, while another perceives the same situation as minimally hazardous with lower risk. Hazard recognition and assessment is somewhat personal and is highly dependent on how hazards are perceived. This is why the Company hazard recognition and control program is conducted utilizing a career professional who draws on employees to allow for conversation about opinions regarding the severity and probability of hazards, taking into account various experiences, skills, knowledge, and the like.

Factors that influence hazard and risk perception include:

Personal Factors: Experiences (positive or negative), knowledge and skill level, age, gender, physical ability, and stature

Organizational Factors: Safety management systems, training protocols and systems, leadership behaviors, peer behaviors

Situational Factors: Stress, frustration, rushing, control, mind-set or frame of mind, or complacency

Good Practices to Prevent Workplace Hazards:

Prior to starting work, take a few moments to evaluate the work area and your work activity for potential hazards and correct any uncontrolled hazards. It is important to always: maintain good housekeeping standards, inspect tools and equipment prior to use, maintain personal protective equipment as per the manufacturer’s specifications, follow established procedures, do not take any shortcuts and report hazards and incidents as soon as possible.

Following these guidelines is a very positive step towards the most important thing, going home safe and without injury at the end of each day.

Injury Example:
Most of you may not know it but ole Singing Bob is blind in one eye. It happened back when he first started in a factory that welded bicycle frames together. Singing Bob was asked to prepare the compressed gas cylinders for transport. Ole Bob saw that the cylinders had been improperly secured in an upright position with a rope with a tight knot. Ole Bob got out his dull pocketknife and started cutting at the rope with pulling actions toward his body. When the knife finally cut through the rope the pressure pulling toward him thrust the knife right into Singing Bobs left eye. The singing and screeching coming from ole Singing Bob will never be forgotten by those who were there. If Bob would have taken just a minute to identify the hazards associated with the task of removing the rope, he would have used a sharp knife and cut away from himself.

If you see a co-worker taking on a task in a dangerous manner, you should feel free talking to them about good ways to eliminate the hazards by using good planning techniques. Tell them this story about ole Singing bob.

Housekeeping is the number one hazard in factories. In fact, a large number of workplace incidents can be attributed to poor housekeeping. Poor housekeeping contributes to incidents by creating hazards that can cause injuries. Other hazards may be taken for granted if the sight of sharp edges, debris, clutter and lumber pieces are accepted when laying around on the worksite.

What is the purpose of workplace housekeeping?
Poor housekeeping can be a cause of accidents, such as:

• Tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs, and platforms
• Being hit by falling objects
• Slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces
• Striking against projecting sharp edges, poorly stacked items, or misplaced material
• Cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire, or steel strapping.

To avoid these hazards, a workplace must maintain a clean and neat order throughout a workday. Although this effort requires a great deal of management and planning, the benefits are many.

What are some benefits of good housekeeping practices?
Effective housekeeping results in:

• Reduced handling to ease the flow of materials
• Fewer tripping and slipping accidents in clutter-free and spill-free work areas
• Decreased fire hazards
• Lower worker exposures to hazardous substances (e.g. dusts, vapors)
• Better control of tools and materials, including inventory and supplies
• More efficient equipment cleanup and maintenance
• Better hygienic conditions leading to improved health
• More effective use of space
• Reduced property damage by improving preventive maintenance
• Less janitorial work
• Improved morale and improved productivity (tools and materials will be easy to find)

How do we implement an effective housekeeping program?

Housekeeping order is "maintained" not "achieved." Cleaning and organization must be done regularly, not just at the end of the shift. Integrating housekeeping into your job will ensure your work area is always clean and tidy. A good housekeeping program identifies and assigns responsibilities for the following:

• Clean up during the shift
• Day-to-day cleanup
• Waste disposal
• Removal of unused materials
• Inspection to ensure cleanup is complete

Do not forget out-of-the-way places such as shelves, corners, and between pallets that would otherwise be overlooked. The orderly arrangement of your work-station, tools, equipment, and supplies is an important part of a good housekeeping program.

Final Word
Effective housekeeping is an ongoing responsibility, it is not a hit-and-miss cleanup done occasionally. Periodic "panic" cleanups are costly and ineffective in reducing accidents.

Machine guarding serves to protect employees from hazards created by rotating parts, pinch points, points of operation, and from flying particles and sparks created by the operation of machines. Unintentional contact with moving parts can cause cuts, amputations, burns, and even death.

According to the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), workers who operate and maintain machinery suffer approximately 18,000 amputations, lacerations, crushing injuries, abrasions, and over 800 deaths per year.

General Guard Requirements
OSHA requires any machine part that could cause injury to be safeguarded. Some examples of where guards are required include moving belts, chains, drums, gears, shafts, pulleys, spindles, sprockets, and flywheels. Safeguards must prevent contact with the hazard, should not be easily removed or defeated, and must not create any additional hazards, such as pinch points.

Types of Guards
There are various types of machine guards, which serve different purposes. These are the most common types:

• Fixed Guards – Guards that are permanently fixed to the machine. Adjusting or servicing of the guard requires the machine to be disassembled. An example is a fan blade or belt and pulley system.
• Self-Adjusting Guards – Guards that are designed to automatically adjust to the size of material being fed into the machine. While not in use, the guard returns to a fully closed position. An example would be the guards on a radial arm saw or miter saws.
• Adjustable Guards – These guards are similar to self-adjusting guards, but these must be manually set. This type of guard is useful when handling materials that vary in size. When improperly adjusted, guards can fail to prevent contact with moving parts. An example is use on a bandsaw.
• Interlocking Guards – In order for the related machinery to turn on, the interlocking guard must be engaged. When the guard is disengaged or not in place, the machinery will shut off. An example would be the vinyl welder.

Summary
Machine guards should never be modified or removed. Prior to operating machinery, guards should be inspected. Operators should never try to defeat guards such as two-handed control devices through the use of a “cheater bar” or other means. Prior to adjusting or servicing any machine guard, all applicable lockout/tagout (LO/TO) procedures should be followed. Only authorized personnel should conduct servicing of guards. Failure to follow safe work practices can result in serious injury, amputation, or death.

If you see a machine with unguarded moving parts, please let your manager know so the hazard can be corrected!

Unsafe conditions and procedures must be identified before they can be corrected. Consequently, every employee is responsible for immediately reporting unsafe conditions. Safety is an individual commitment to incorporate safe work practices into every area of their job operations.

General Safety Rules

• Never do anything that is unsafe as a way to get the job done quicker.
• Obey warning signs and tags. They are posted to point out hazards.
• Never remove or disable any safety device.
• Working under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs or using them at work is prohibited.
• Horseplay, running, and fighting is prohibited while on the job.

Office Safety:

• Keep desk and file drawers closed when not in use.
• Do not open file or desk drawers above or behind someone without warning them.
• Use only step stools and ladders (do not climb on counters or chairs).
• Push chairs up to desk or under counter when not in use.
• Do not carry loads that obstruct your view, are too heavy, or without a prepared place to set them down.
• Get help to move heavy objects.
• Approach blind areas cautiously.
• Know location of emergency exits and keep aisles to exits clear.

Housekeeping:

Aside from the accident prevention benefits, good housekeeping contributes to efficient performance. When tools and materials are returned to the proper place after use, they are easier to find.

The following suggestions are offered for good housekeeping:

• Wipe up spills and pick up all objects that should not be on the floor.
• Keep work areas and storage facilities clean, neat and orderly.
• All aisles, stairways, exits and access ways should be kept clear.
• When piling materials for storage, make sure the base is level and firm.
• Lay extension cords and hoses in such a way as to minimize tripping
• All packaging material should be disposed of immediately.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) about 76,000 office workers nationwide receive disabling injuries every year. Although the most frequent types of incidents are falls (either from height, tripping or slippery surfaces), many injuries also occur as the result of contact with electrical equipment.
Almost everything in an office setting today operates on electricity. Electrical equipment used in an office is potentially hazardous and can cause serious shock and burn injuries if improperly used or maintained.

If a part of the body comes in contact with the electrical circuit, a shock will occur. The electrical current will enter the body at one point and leave at another. The passage of electricity through the body can cause great pain, burns, destruction of tissue, nerves, muscles, and even death.

Here are some important tips to follow in regard to electrical safety in the office:

• Use only equipment that is properly grounded or double-insulated.
• Do not overload outlets.
• Do not plug multi-outlet bars to other multi-outlet bars.
• Only use equipment that has been approved by a national testing laboratory.
• Minimize the use of extension cords. Do not plug two extension cords together, and only use them for a temporary need.
• Do not run electrical cords through pedestrian aisles unless covered or taped to the floor.
• Unplug or disconnect machines before servicing or repairing.
• Do not ignore the warning signs. If an item feels hot, makes an unusual noise (buzz or hum), smokes or sparks, take it out of service immediately and destroy it or tag it “Do Not Use”.
• Inspect cords and equipment regularly and report any defects immediately.
• Cover or guard any exposed electrical components or wires.
• Unplug cords from the outlet by gripping the plug. Do not pull the cord.
• Do not use electrical equipment or appliances near water or wet surfaces.
• Never use electrical equipment when hands or the equipment are wet.
• Always follow manufacturers instructions when using any equipment, electrical or other.

Pneumatic tools, powered by compressed air, can be a useful and portable addition to electrical tools on construction sites, in industrial workshops, and at any work site where power tools are used. The air compressors that power pneumatic tools must be used correctly to ensure the safety of all workers on the job site.

Common pneumatic tools used on the job include nail guns, staple guns, drills, riveting guns, paint sprayer, sanders, grinders, and wrenches, but the list of available air-powered hand tools is endless.

Air compressors can be vulnerable to changes in moisture, temperature, and position. Workers should perform a basic safety check at the beginning of every shift or before using any pneumatic tools for the first time each workday.

• Check gauges, connectors, hoses and guarding during the inspection.
• Check hoses regularly for cuts, bulges, kinks or deterioration. Tag and replace, if defective.
• Do not use any pneumatic tools, hoses, air compressors or attachments if they appear to be damaged or seem to be failing.

Getting hit by an attachment or fastener that flies off can cause serious injury. Always use a safety clip or retainer to prevent attachments from being ejected during tool operation.

A hose that becomes disconnected while still under high pressure can whip around wildly and strike workers in the area. Ensure all hose connections are secured by positive locking devices to prevent accidental disconnection during use.

Always wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when working with pneumatic tools.

• Pneumatic tools can be noisy, so it is important to wear hearing protection when using air powered tools or when working in the area where they are used regularly.
• Eye protection is required when working with pneumatic tools.
• Gloves should be worn when using pneumatic tools to protect your hands.
• Dust masks should be used when using tools that create dust in the work area that may be hazardous.
• If pneumatic tools are used in areas where others are working consider adding screens or shields to protect other employees from flying fragments, chips, dust and excessive noise.

IMPORTANT: Cleaning with compressed air is dangerous. Do not use compressed air over 30 psi to blow debris or to clean dirt from clothes or skin.

• Do not operate any pneumatic tool at a pressure above the manufacturer’s rating.
• Use hoses and fittings that have a PSI rating equal to or greater than the maximum pressure of the air compressor.
• The compressed air shut off valve should always be visible and within reach.
• Never point a pneumatic tool or nozzle at any part of the body or at other people.
• Only use the attachments that the manufacturer recommends for the tools that are being used.
• Keep pneumatic tools clean, lubricated and maintained according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Never carry a pneumatic tool by its hose.
• Air compressors should only be plugged into outlets with proper grounding.
• Hoses laid across walkways or curled on the floor in the work area creates a trip hazard.
• Hoses are best stored on a hose reel.
• Store hoses safely, away from heat and sunlight.

All employees who work in the area should be familiar with the unique hazards associated with pneumatic tools and the safe work practices expected in the workplace.

It is impoortant to note that overheating can occur when ventilation openings on the air compressor are blocked. Don’t place objects on or against the air compressor that could restrict airflow.

When it comes to working with Pneumatic Tools, the goal is to perform your job without injury or incident. In order to do this, there are three things you must do ALL the time:

• Have a good plan, that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards associated with your work, and
• STOP work if something isn’t right or it doesn’t seem right and fix the problem before proceeding.

You will never be punished for stopping work to prevent an incident from occurring!

Portable, bench or floor mounted power tools and equipment need routine maintenance, inspection, and adjustments to ensure safe operation. Tool bits, blades and other changeable parts must be kept sharp and free from damage. Electrical systems, belts & pulleys and gears must be properly guarded to prevent exposing employees to hazards.

Power Tool Precautions

Power tools can be hazardous when improperly used. There are several types of power tools, based on the power source they use: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and power actuated.

• Never carry a tool by the cord or hose.
• Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle.
• Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges.
• Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing, and when changing accessories such as blades, bits and cutters.
• All observers should be kept at a safe distance away from the work area.
• Secure work with clamps or a vise when necessary, freeing both hands to operate the tool.
• Avoid accidental starting. The worker should not hold a finger on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool.
• Tools should be maintained with care. They should be kept sharp and clean for the best performance. Follow instructions in the user's manual for lubricating and changing accessories.
• Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance.

Almost every employee uses some type of tool during the day to accomplish tasks. Whether it’s a screwdriver or jack hammer, you are responsible to ensure that the tools you use for each job, are the right tool for that job. This includes making sure you use tools safely and make sure they are in good working condition.

Power Tool Safety

Tools may be powered by electricity, compressed air, hydraulics, belts or chain drives. Power used by tools to do work can use a tremendous amount of energy that must be controlled by the worker using the tool. Hazards from tool power sources affect not only the person using it, but also to those working close by.

Keep it Sharp

Whether a power tool or a hand tool, if it’s designed to cut, keeping the cutting-edge sharp is a safety priority. Sharp tools work better and require less force. When sharpening, adjusting, or changing a blade, bit or cutting edge, ensure you disconnect the tool from the power source by unplugging electrical cords or removing hoses.

Bits, blades and cutting tool edges should be covered while on the shelf or in the toolbox. This not only helps keep the cutting edge from becoming dull, it also prevents hand injuries when a worker reaches for the cutting tool.

Check adjustments

If there are any adjustable parts of a tool, they will most likely be “unadjusted” when a worker needs the tool. Check all adjustments before using a tool.

Check for damage

Look at handles, tool edges, power cords, hoses & connections, switches, triggers, casings and attachments. Check hand tools for cracks dings and chips. Don’t use damaged tools. Power tools should not be rigged to work if they are broken, instead, repair the tool or get a new tool.

Personal Protective Equipment

Almost all hand or power tool use requires wearing eye protection. If dust, fumes or mists are produced, the proper respiratory protection must also be worn. Using gloves with powered equipment may be a hazard if there is a chance of the glove material getting caught in the equipment or material being worked.

Clothing Hazards

Long draping sleeves, baggy shirts, floppy pant legs are hazardous around powered equipment. Long hair should be pulled back so that it does not hang in front of the ears. All personal jewelry such as rings, necklaces and pendants should be removed before operating powered tools or equipment.

PPE Definition and Meaning

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is clothing or equipment designed to reduce employee exposure to chemical, biological, and physical hazards when on a worksite. It is used to protect employees when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible to reduce the risks to acceptable levels.

Importance of PPE

According to the hierarchy of controls by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), PPE is recommended to be the last level of defense to prevent occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Here are some benefits of using PPEs:

• Prevent unnecessary injury in the workplace
• Protect employees from excessive chemical exposure
• Improve employee productivity and efficiency.

The 4 Basic Types

However, even the strictest controls will not necessarily eliminate all the risks associated with most job tasks and this is where the need for PPE must be evaluated. A hazard assessment can help identify which specialized PPE will be required. There are numerous types of workplace safety equipment available depending on the hazard exposure and work conditions. The following are basic PPE that can help protect employees:

Face and Eye Protection

PPE includes safety goggles and face shields and should be used for tasks that can cause eye damage or loss of vision, sprays of toxic liquids, splashes, and burns.

Safety Tips:

• Check if safety glasses comply with the ANSI Z87.1 eye protection standard.
• Ensure that there are no cracks or deformities on the lenses.

Respiratory Protection

PPE includes full-face respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus, gas masks, N95 respirators, and surgical masks that are used for a task that can cause inhalation of harmful materials to enter the body.

Safety Tips:

• Replace disposable respirators with every use.
• Surgical masks are not to be shared with anyone.
• Change surgical mask timely and dispose of after one day use.
• Replace the mask immediately if it is damaged or soiled.

Skin and Body Protection

PPE includes the following categories to protect employees from physical hazards:

Hands Protection

PPE includes safety gloves and should be used for tasks that can cause hand and skin burns, absorption of harmful substances, cuts, fractures or amputations.

Safety Tips:

• Ensure hand protection fits perfectly with no spaces and is free from cuts, burns and chemical residue.
• Use rubber gloves when working with electricity to reduce the risk of burn or electrical shock.

Fall Protection

PPE includes safety harnesses and lanyards and should be strictly used for tasks that can cause falling from heights and serious injury or death.

Safety Tips:

• Ensure that the straps are free from tears, deformities and burn marks.
• Check the buckles if connected securely and tightly.
• Dispose of the equipment if used after a falling incident.

Hearing Protection

PPE includes ear muffs and plugs and should be used for tasks that can cause hearing problems and loss of hearing. All areas of the factory produce noise at levels that require hearing protection. All employees must wear hearing protection while working on the factory floors. Any areas that may be exempt from this expectation will be marked as such with signage.
It is important to note that noise cancelling headphones are not allowed to be used as hearing protection at work for one simple reason, it is illegal for the Company to permit it.

Safety Tips:

• Ensure the equipment fits the ear canal perfectly.
• It is recommended to use formable earplugs to fit on different sizes of ear canals.
• Ensure earplugs are clean and in good condition.

Safety Signs

The use of safety signs, labels, and tags to visually convey hazard information to employees is required by the Department of Labor (DOL) code of federal regulations (CFR). Signs and labeling are meant to inform workers of known hazards and communicate pertinent information and instruction needed to protect workers from the hazards.

Information Safety Signs

Beyond the typical "Notice" signs, there is sometimes the need for more detailed information signs that provide complex instructions. Generally, these are in the form of Posted Operating Instructions for equipment or processes that require specific step-by-step procedures to ensure safe operation. Plastic laminated paper instruction can be used in areas that are clean and dry.

Exit Signs

Access to exits must be marked by signs showing the direction of the exit or way to reach it. Additionally, any door, passage, or stairway which is neither an exit nor a way of exit access, and which may be mistaken for an exit, must be identified by a sign reading "Not an Exit".

Chemical Safety Hazards

In the workplace, OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard requires that each container of hazardous chemicals is labeled, tagged or marked. The identity of the hazardous chemical and appropriate hazard warnings, words, pictures, symbols must provide at least general information regarding the hazards of the chemical. Small, portable containers, intended only for the immediate use of an employee and not for storage, do not require labels. Existing labels on containers, provided by the manufacturer, may not be removed or defaced unless the container is immediately marked with the required information. Containers meant to hold food or liquids for human consumption shall not be used for any purpose other than the intended original consumable product. Never dispense a chemical from a food-based container such as soda bottles or water bottles.

Sign Placement

The Company places hazard signs as close to a hazard as possible to create a definite link between the message and the hazard.

Sign Management

How we treat and maintain our signs sends a message. Over time, signs become faded, damaged, and totally useless for the intended hazard message. Outdated, faded, or damaged signs do us no good. Please notify your manager if you see a sign that is in poor condition, not clearly legible, or does not contain the appropriate safety information.

Language Barrier

Being able to employ a diverse language workforce is essential. Using pictogram type safety signs to convey a hazard message can break reading or language barriers. To ensure that non-English speaking employees understand, the Company will incorporate pictogram signs where necessary.

Temporary Safety Signs

Certain operations may require the use of temporary visual warning. One of the most familiar is the "wet floor" sign. Others include those placed at boundaries of electrical work areas, confined space entry operations, temporary containment for open holes or chemical spill cleanup. The Company also requires that if work exposes energized or moving parts that are normally protected, danger signs must be displayed and barricades erected, to warn other people in the area.

It’s probably happened to most of us. That momentary lapse of attention, thinking about a personal problem or distraction by an activity that ends in a slip, trip, or fall. A stumble down a stairway. A trip over an uneven surface. Slipping on the ice. It can lead to a variety of regrettable events ranging from a simple bruised shin to an extremely serious injury. It’s just one of a number of conditions and situations that set the stage for slips, trips and falls in the workplace.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor- slips, trips, and falls make up the majority of general industry accidents, which account for:

• 15% of all accidental deaths per year, the second-leading cause behind motor vehicles
• About 25% of all reported injury claims per fiscal year
• More than 95 million lost work days per year — about 65% of all work days lost

In general, slips and trips occur due to a loss of traction between the shoe and the walking surface or an inadvertent contact with a fixed or moveable object which may lead to a fall. There are a variety of situations that may cause slips, trips and falls:

• Wet or greasy floors
• Dry floors with wood dust or powder
• Uneven walking surfaces
• Polished or freshly waxed floors
• Loose flooring, carpeting or mats
• Transition from one floor type to another
• Missing or uneven floor tiles and bricks
• Damaged or irregular steps; no handrails
• Sloped walking surfaces
• Electrical cords or cables
• Open desk or file cabinet drawers
• Damaged ladder steps
• Ramps and gang planks without skid-resistant surfaces
• Metal surfaces — dock plates, construction plates
• Weather hazards — rain, sleet, ice, snow, hail, frost
• Wet leaves or pine needles
• Shoes with wet, muddy, greasy, or oily soles
• Clutter

Six guidelines to create a safer working environment

1. Create Good Housekeeping Practices

Good housekeeping is critical. Safety and housekeeping go hand in hand. If your facility’s housekeeping habits are poor, the result may be a higher incidence of employee injuries, ever-increasing insurance costs and regulatory citations. If your work area is noticeably clean and well organized, it is a good indication that your overall safety attitude is good.

Proper housekeeping is a routine, it is an ongoing procedure that is simply done as a part of each worker’s daily performance. There are two simple steps to create an effective housekeeping work area:

• Plan your work and work your plan — know what needs to be done, how you will do it, and eliminate the hazards when they are identified.
• Take personal responsibility — clean up after yourself and don’t leave a mess for someone else.

2. Reduce Wet or Slippery Surfaces

Walking surfaces account for a significant portion of injuries reported by state agencies. The most frequently reported types of surfaces where these injuries occur include:

• Parking lots
• Sidewalks (or lack thereof)
• Food preparation areas
• Shower stalls in residential dorms
• Floors in general

Traction on outdoor surfaces can change considerably when weather conditions change. Those conditions can then affect indoor surfaces as moisture is tracked in by pedestrian traffic. Traction control procedures should be constantly monitored for their effectiveness:

• Keep parking lots and sidewalks clean and in good repair condition.
• When snow and ice are present, remove or treat these elements. In some extreme cases, it may be necessary to suspend use of the area.
• Use adhesive striping material or anti-skid paint whenever possible.

Indoor control measures can help reduce the incidence of slips and falls:

• Use moisture-absorbent mats with beveled edges in entrance areas. Make sure they have backing material that will not slide on the floor.
• Display “Wet Floor” signs as needed.
• Use anti-skid adhesive tape in troublesome areas.
• Clean up spills immediately. 
• Use proper area rugs or mats for food preparation areas.

3. Avoid Creating Obstacles in Aisles and Walkways

Injuries can also result from trips caused by obstacles, clutter, materials and equipment in aisles, corridors, entranceways, and stairways/wells. Proper housekeeping in work and traffic areas is still the most effective control measure in avoiding the proliferation of these types of hazards. This means taking time for cleaning your work area, especially where scrap material or waste is a byproduct of the work operation:

• Keep all work areas, passageways, storerooms, and service areas clean and orderly.
• Avoid stringing cords, cables, or air hoses across hallways or in any designated aisle.
• In office areas, avoid leaving boxes, files, or briefcases in the aisles.
• Use safe work practices, such as closing file cabinet drawers after use and picking up loose items from the floor.
• Conduct periodic inspections for slip and trip hazards.

4. Create and Maintain Proper Lighting

Poor lighting in the workplace is associated with an increase in accidents.

• Use proper illumination in walkways, staircases, ramps, hallways, basements, construction areas and dock areas.
• Keep work areas well-lit and clean.
• Upon entering a darkened room, always turn on the light first.
• Keep poorly lit walkways clear of clutter and obstructions.
• Keep areas around light switches clear and accessible.
• Repair fixtures, switches and cords immediately if they malfunction.

5. Wear Proper Shoes

The shoes we wear can play a big part in preventing falls and are a critical component of PPE. The slickness of the soles and the type of heels worn need to be evaluated by the user to avoid slips, trips and falls. Shoelaces need to be tied correctly. Employees are expected to wear footwear appropriate for the duties of their work task.

6. Control Individual Behavior

This condition is the toughest to control. It’s human nature to let our guard down temporarily and be distracted by random thoughts or doing multiple activities. Being in a hurry will result in walking too fast or running, which increases the chances of a slip, trip or fall. Taking shortcuts, not watching where one is going, using a cell phone, carrying materials which obstruct the vision, wearing sunglasses in low-light areas, not using designated walkways and speed are common factors in many on-the-job injuries.

It’s ultimately up to each individual to plan their work, identify the hazards, including slip and trip hazards, stay alert and pay attention, and stop if something isn’t right!

Walking and Working Surfaces (Slips, Trips, and Falls)

Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority of general industry accidents. They cause 15% of all accidental deaths and are second only to motor vehicles as a cause of fatalities.

Most of these types of accidents can be prevented with improved housekeeping, appropriate guardrails, maintenance of walking surfaces, and remaining alert to the work surroundings.

Aisles and Passageways

• Keep aisles and passageways clear of obstructions or objects that may present a tripping hazard.
• If mechanical handling equipment is used, ensure there is enough room in the aisle or passageway for employees to walk and for emergency egress.
• Clearly mark permanent aisles and passageways in machinery and equipment rooms. For example, paint or tape markings on floors.

Open Pits, Tanks, Vats, and Ditches

• Protect employees from hazards of open holes, open edges, and other floor openings by using covers and/or guardrails.

Floor and Wall Openings and Holes

• For stairway openings, standard railings are provided on all exposed sides except at the stairway entrance.
• Where a person can accidentally walk into a floor hole, it shall be guarded by either a standard railing with toe board, or a floor hole cover of standard strength and construction. If the cover or guard rail is not in place, the hole must be attended by a person, or protected by a removable standard railing.

Open Sided Floors or Platforms (catwalk) - 4 Feet or More above Level

• An open-sided floor or platform or runway that is 4 feet or more above ground level or above the adjacent floor shall be guarded by a standard railing on all open sides (except where there is an entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder).
• If a person can pass beneath the open sides, if there is moving machinery, or if equipment or materials could fall and create a hazard, then the railing must include a toe board on each exposed side.

Open Sided Floors or Platforms by Dangerous Equipment – at Any Height

• Regardless of height, if the open-sided floor, walkway, platform, or runway is above or adjacent to dangerous equipment it shall be guarded with a standard railing and toe board.

General Information

Welding and cutting presents a risk of serious burns, electrical shock, and eye damage. Cutting and welding operations emits sparks and heat which presents a fire hazard. However, following a few simple safety precautions can keep your welding and cutting activities injury-free.

Preventive Measures

• Read the operator’s manual and familiarize yourself with the cutting/welding equipment you are using.
• Pay close attention to training provided by the Company.
• Wear proper personal protective equipment required to protect yourself from the hazards. This PPE could include:
  
  • welding gloves
  • long sleeved leathers or apron
  • welding helmet with appropriate filter shade
  • safety glasses
  • leather boots
  • fire-resistant welding pants
  • Ensure the work area is:
    • free of clutter
    • free of combustible and flammable materials
    • ventilated
• Ensure work is performed in a designated hot work area or a hot work permit is obtained.
• Ensure a fire extinguisher is readily available.
• Ensure the work piece is properly grounded when arc welding.
• When using gas cylinders, chain them securely to a stationary, upright support or cart at all times.
• Examine hoses and/or cables regularly for leaks, wear, and loose connections.
• Inspect the cylinder valve for damage and/or the presence of contaminants such as oil, grease or dust before using.
• Handle hot metal with pliers or tongs.

Now let’s review the three “F’s” of welding:

Fire
The welding arc creates extreme temperatures and may pose a significant fire and explosions hazard if these safe practices are not followed. While the welding arc may reach temperatures of 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, the real danger is not from the arc itself, but rather the intense light near the arc and the heat, sparks, and spatter created by the arc. This spatter can reach up to 35 feet away from the welding space.

To prevent fires, before beginning to weld, inspect the work area for any flammable materials and remove them from the area. Flammable materials are comprised of three categories: liquid, such as gasoline, oil and paint; solid, such as wood, cardboard and paper; gas, including acetylene, propane and hydrogen.

Know where the fire alarms and extinguishers are located and check the extinguisher’s gauge to make sure it is full.

If welding within 35 feet of flammable materials, have a fire watcher nearby to keep track of sparks, and remain in the work area for at least 30 minutes after finishing welding to be sure there are no smoldering fires. Put a fire-resistant material, such as a piece of sheet metal or fire-resistant blanket over any flammable materials within the work area, if you can’t remove them.

In an elevated location, make sure no flammable materials are beneath you, and watch out for other workers below you in order to prevent dropping sparks or spatter on them. Even high concentrations of fine dust particles may cause explosions or flash fires. If a fire starts, don’t panic–call the fire department immediately.

Fumes
It’s no surprise that overexposure to welding fumes and gases can be hazardous to your health. Welding fume contains potentially harmful complex metal oxide compounds from consumables, base metal and the base-metal coatings, so it’s important to keep your head out of the fumes and use enough ventilation and/or exhaust to control your exposure to substances in the fume, depending on the type of rod and base metal being used.

The specific potential health effects which relate to the welding consumable product being used can be found in the Health Hazard Data section of the Safety Data Sheet available from your employer or the consumable manufacturer. If the air in your breathing zone is not clear, or if breathing is uncomfortable, check to be sure the ventilation equipment is working, and report concerns to a supervisor so your exposure to substances in the welding fume can be checked. This is especially important when welding with stainless steel or hard facing products. To prevent exposure from coatings such as paint, galvanizing, or metal plating’s on base metals, clean the base metal before beginning to weld.

Face
Helmets with side shields are essential for protecting eyes and skin from exposure to arc rays. Make sure to choose the right shade lens for your process – use the helmet’s instructions to help select the right shade level. Begin with a darker filter lens and gradually change to a lighter shade until you have good visibility at the puddle and weld joint, but it is comfortable and does not irritate your eyes. Helmets also protect from sparks, heat and electric shock. Welder’s flash from improper eye protection may cause extreme discomfort, swelling or temporary blindness, so don’t take any risks – wear a helmet at all times during welding.

When it comes to working with Welding equipment, the goal is to perform your job without injury or incident. In order to do this, there are three things you must do ALL the time:

• Have a good plan that
• Identifies and mitigates the hazards associated with your work, and
• STOP work if something isn’t right or it doesn’t seem right, and fix the problem before proceeding.

You will never be punished for stopping work to prevent an incident from occurring!

Workplace violence is a real problem that all employees should be familiar with. Right now, violence in the workplace ranks fourth in the leading causes of death while on the job. Violence in the workplace is not okay and needs addressing right away.

Types of Workplace Violence

There are many different forms of workplace violence that can go on. Any type of violence or aggression to other employees is prohibited at Innovations Manufacturing. Some examples of different types of workplace violence include:

• Physical Aggression
  • Physical aggression is the act of hurting another person physically. While the assault is purely physical, this act can cause disruption in your work and can take a mental toll on you emotionally. You can also consider a threat made about harming you in some way an act of physical aggression. If either of these occur, report these instances to your supervisor right away.
• Acts of Violence
  • There are many different ways that an employee can experience violence. Any type of violence that you experience from a co-worker or superior needs reported. Some different types of violent acts include:
    • Intimidation
      • Intimidating employees, or making employees timid or fearful, is a form of violence. It can be a form of harassment depending on the matter that is at hand. Intimidation will not be tolerated here!
    • Threats
      • A threat is a statement or an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or another hostile action on a co-worker. While some may not consider threats a direct form of violence, they should still be reported. If a coworker has made a threat that is about physical harm to you or your property, don’t be silent, let your supervisor know. Threats will not be tolerated here!
    • Disruptive Behavior
      • When you are at work, you are there to do your job so you can make a living. Behavior shall be appropriate and focused on doing your job. If someone is using disruptive behavior, it means their behavior is distracting and inappropriate for the workplace. Disruptive behavior will not be tolerated!

How to Address Workplace Violence in the Moment

It is unfortunate that workplace violence has to be a reality for anyone. If you have found yourself in this situation without a supervisor present, you may be trying to decide how to address the situation in the moment. Here are a few ways that may help you:

1. Try to stay calm with the person to avoid making the situation worse.
2. Don’t argue with them, it will only escalate the problem.
3. DO not argue with threats that are made, report them to your supervisor.
4. Try to diffuse the situation and leave.
5. If you feel the person is going to hurt you, yell to get someone's attention.

What To Do If You Experience Workplace Violence

It is important to talk with your supervisor if you have experienced violence at work. You may be asked to give a written statement about the situation. This will help to keep the story straight and have something in writing to document it. From there, the Company will address the situation with the other person. The Company will take whatever measures necessary to provide you with a safe environment to work in. Even if the issue started away from work and migrated into the workplace, the Company will take steps to eliminate the threat at work.

Always Report Workplace Violence & Don't Retaliate

When you are the victim of workplace violence, it can be tempting to retaliate. This is not always the best decision. If possible, try not to fight back and be confrontational. Diffuse the issue as much as possible and report to your supervisor. Walk away if at all possible.

There are times that you may feel that your problem is not taken seriously. If that has happened, take the problem to the person higher up than your supervisor. If it gets to this point, you are encouraged to discuss the issue with the HR Manager.

Company Commitment

Innovations Manufacturing is committed to making the workplace a safe environment for all employees, and we have a zero-tolerance rule in place for these types of instances. If you experience intimidation, threats, or disruptive behavior from a co-worker it is your responsibility to report this conduct to your supervisor or the HR Manager.