Benefits: A colonoscopy is the most accurate way to find and remove polyps, which carries the potential to grow into cancer.
Risks: Some of the common risks associated with colonoscopy is mentioned below.
The Risks
Perforation of the intestine
A hole made by pressure from the scope that passes through the entire wall of the colon is a rare complication reported in less than 1 of 1,000 cases.
Keeping you informed:
- A large perforation noticed immediately may require surgery.
- A small perforation noticed the first few days after the procedure may be treated with rest, fluids, antibiotics, and close observation.
Bleeding
Bleeding is reported in 0 to 6 of 1,000 procedures. The risk is increased when many or a large polyp is removed.
Keeping you informed:
- A small amount of bleeding may occur after colonoscopy.
- Call your doctor if you notice more amount of bleeding or persistent bleeding after colonoscopy.
Cardiorespiratory
Minor Changes in oxygen levels and heart rate occur in less than 1 of 100 cases.
Keeping you informed:
- The majority of these events are related to sedation and increase with advanced age and other diseases.
All Complications
Approximately one third of patients reports minor symptoms such as bloating, indigestion, abdominal discomfort after colonoscopy, but serious complications are uncommon.
Keeping you informed:
- Checking for any problems with medication and sedation and monitoring before, during, and after the procedure will reduce risks.
Note: There are several other rare complications involved with the colonoscopy, which are not mentioned above.
References:
American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer Screening 2008. Douglas K. Rex et al. Am J Gastroenterology 2009; 104:739 - 75.
Complications of colonoscopy. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee. Fisher et al. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Oct;74(4):745-52.