MCQs - Testing [Do not delete]

Email*
example@example.com
Assessment name
Chemistry or Materials Sciences Instructions

1. This test gauges your ability to work with content written by authors who speak English as a foreign language. Therefore, the presence of grammatical/syntactical errors in some sentences and passages is intentional.

2. The test includes 15 questions on language (syntax, grammar, etc.) and 10 questions on comprehension (logic, inference, and subject area-specific concepts). The 10 comprehension questions are tagged accordingly.

3. Not every comprehension question in the test will require you to refer to a passage; some comprehension questions will just test your ability to identify logically flawed statements or inferences. You may refer to online sources if you feel the need to look up some subject-specific concepts.

4. Each question can have one or more right answers irrespective of the way the question has been phrased.

5. Some questions ask for CORRECT options to be selected, and others ask for INCORRECT. Read each question and the options carefully.

6. You will receive 1 point for each correct answer and -1 point (negative marking) for each incorrect answer.

7. Please do not take this test on a cell phone/hand-held device.

8. This is a timed test: While it typically takes 60 minutes to complete the test, you will have a maximum of 90 minutes. The comprehension questions may take longer than the ones on language, so pace yourself accordingly.

9. The test needs to be completed in one sitting; therefore, you will not be able to pause it midway. In case the timer runs out, your test will be submitted automatically. The answers to all questions attempted will be saved automatically. If there is a power failure or network problem, you can log in again after the issue has been resolved and resume the test.

Chemistry or Materials Sciences Test
Select all options that have NO grammatical errors or awkward constructions.

Junquera et al. reported on the depolarization field effect in BaTiO₃ thin films sandwiched between two SrRuO₃ electrodes.Until recently, most studies on two-dimensional ferroelectrics focused on the theoretical analyses based on microscopic theories.Currently, the effectiveness of the data assimilation methods for the phase-field modeling of microstructure evolutions was reported.Due to simulation of realistic growths of dendrites multiple times, recent development in high computing performance techniques is acceptable.
Language Question no. 1

Select all options that provide suitable and essential revisions for the following unedited sentence:
Two different techniques were expressed as nondestructive tools to study the optical and electrical properties of the monolayer graphene sample installed on a fused quartz substrate.

Revise “expressed” to “demonstrated”Revise “study” to “learn”Revise “installed” to “deposited”Revise “electrical” to “electric”
Language Question no. 2

Select all options that have NO grammatical errors:

Since the number of paths in the multiplier increase exponentially as the number of gates increase, it is difficult to determine how an added delay affects other paths.Figures 3 and 4 confirm that for any operand length, the average detection probabilities of the RCAs are smaller than those of the BCLAs and KSAs and because the average detection probabilities tend to be smaller if the operand length is greater.Similarly, as mentioned in Section 2, many paths in an RCA have far smaller logic depths than the critical path, which indicates that the switching probability does not strongly depend on the operand length.Thus, the differences between the critical and average delays for BCLAs and KSAs are small, and, consequently, RPTs in multipliers with BCLAs and KSAs should be easily detected than those in multipliers with RCAs according to the above conditions.
Language Question no. 3

Select all options that are grammatically INCORRECT.

Overall, the former is much more efficient, while the latter is much more energy-intensive and may serve as the basis for developing the aforementioned functions for optimization.Average values of all monitoring data from stress meter for a single working day is adopted as pressure for a given day, corresponding strain values listed in Table 9; finally, conclusions were drawn.We intend for providing an analytic model for building MMS systems that are not only modeling the Galilean-type and Keplerian-type MMS systems but also reveal their correlation and their aberration performance.From previous research, reason for the occurrence of strong ore-pressure disasters in Tongxin Mine, that is, the roof of coal seams #3–5 being covered with a thick and high-strength sandstone layer.
Language Question no. 4

Select all options that have NO grammatical errors.

The bone fragments are tracked using the kinematic informations of the slave robot without using a position sensor like the OTS.The time series data can be represented by a smooth spline curve that does not necessarily pass through the data points.Research of the failure mode and mechanical performance of joints are a prerequisite to ensure the normal operation of a structure.By employing total variation denoising, the denoising problem can be transformed into a functional energy minimization problem.
Language Question no. 5

Which of the following sentences have an awkward construction?

For the investigation of bone properties, many scientists have employed micro-computed tomography imaging, quantitative computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.The compact bone is shown a higher density with higher modulus than hypercube models, and lower density with lower modulus than the opened truss-wall triangular model.In the second experiment, it has been observed the formation of calcium oxide (CaO) and Tongbaite (Cr₃C₂) in the samples after sintering at 1000 °C.However, because of the high cost and time required to obtain a bone specimen or perform a mechanical test, generally, many researchers focus on numerical analysis.
Language Question no. 6

Which of the following sentences contain NO awkward constructions?

Considering in addition the excellent chemical stability of TiO₂, its large abundance, and nontoxicity, finding a more appropriate material can able to be considered as being quite small probability.Operationally, collective behavior was detected and quantified using correlations or, more recently, by mutual information estimated either locally or globally.In particular, PLCL is the main constituent of NEUROLAC® (Polyganics, Netherlands), a clinically available NGC, which exhibits favorable regeneration in rat motor functions.Significant occurrence of band-gap absorption and Rayleigh scattering is only for short wavelengths, because lower intrinsic losses of shifting infrared edge of multiphonon absorption to longer wavelengths.
Language Question no. 7

Select all options that are grammatically INCORRECT.

Biocatalysts can generate electricity from organic substances—in particular, organic acids, alcohols, and sugars—which are stable and safe.According to basic mathematical knowledge, the functions represented by the red curve and the blue curve are inverse functions to each other.Several researches recently investigate the use of ionic liquids instead of organic solvents in liquid electrolytes.Limited-view detection results in streak artefacts and a low contrast-to-noise ratio in reconstructed optoacoustic images.
Language Question no. 8

Select all options with NO grammatical errors.

Climate model simulations of major Asian cities show that reducing anthropogenic aerosol emissions could help mitigate global warming.However, it does not provide a clear criteria for design of erosion control to field engineers by presenting quantified standard values for each items like international erosion control criteria.Since the viewpoint images have same resolution in all tests, therefore, each viewpoint image occupies only 1/8th of a pixel, and remaining 7/8th of the pixel is left out.As the time required to optimize the parameters for this event is 49.2 h, the converted time is 29.5 h, with the assumption that the event period is in a 24-h format.
Language Question no. 9

Select all options that are grammatically INCORRECT.

To address these technical difficulties, there is a need for research on methods to improve the durability of the coatings.In this study, we determined the most suitable carbonization temperature in order to optimize the nitrogen supply.DIBR is virtual multi-view image generation technology based on depth images and used to generate novel video applications.Further, Method A required approximately 16.5 million warped operations to generate an 8-view image.
Language Question no. 10

Select all options that have NO grammatical errors.

The main objectives of this study are to examine the potential of hydrocarbon generation in high-maturity marine II-type kerogen on the quantitative hydrogenation process, which involve different catalysts under closed system conditions.The drying coefficient of the generated gas decreases significantly with the increasing yield of heavy hydrocarbon gas, and the organic carbon in highly mature kerogen is hydrogenated to produce an alkane, CO₂, and other gas components.In contrast, the fabricated disk-shaped fuel cell exhibited as a linear relationship between the output and the glucose concentration; therefore, this result agrees well with that obtained in the previous study.Lewan et al. and Seewald et al. confirmed that the contribution of exogenous H plays a key role in hydrocarbon generation and the distribution of underground hydrocarbon components.
Language Question no. 11

Select the options that have NO grammatical errors.

The highest concentration from cyanobacteria density reported by VT DEC for Bay A is 3,320,000 cells/L.From 1924, many evaporation rate measurements based on surface temperature monitoring have been reported.In this study, an impactor and a spectrometer were employed for the analysis of the samples.The main aim of this paper is to present the influence by nonlinear effects in optical fiber.
Language Question no. 12

Select the options in which the underlined transition words are INCORRECTLY used (e.g., However, In contrast, Therefore, For example).

These capacitors have also been studied for use as next-generation electrical storage devices. However, they are typically large and suffer from a higher ratio of price to storage capacity than other batteries because of their inferior energy density.The abovementioned methods do not completely solve the fundamental problem of real-time 3D video generation. In contrast, a fast multi-view image generation algorithm based on reverse search matching is proposed in this study.Conventional hardware Trojans (HTs) that modify circuit functions at the logic and cell levels have been detected by some reverse engineering techniques.Therefore, a new type of HT called a rare path Trojan causes multiplier faults without modifying the circuit functions at the logic or cell level.Modern integrated circuit chips are manufactured through work division among many parties, who may not always be trustworthy. For example, a malicious party may insert a hardware Trojan into cryptographic hardware to retrieve secret information from the chip users and their clients.
Language Question no. 13

Which of the following sentences have an awkward phrase or construction?

However, this generator comes to have a big size of the device and higher cost than other generators because of the bulky mechanical components.Then, for each model, expected ideal relations between the relative elastic modulus and relative density and between the relative compressive yield strength and the relative density were obtained.However, any models are not possible to be replaced with compact bone because it is required much higher stiffness or higher strength.Freezing behavior of water droplets on the different surfaces was monitored, and figure 12 is plotted the freezing time recorded for comparison and analysis of surface properties.
Language Question no. 14

Select the options that would NOT be suitable for the following unedited sentence:
The effect of pH on the adsorption in Cr(III) on natural bentonite was evaluated.

“effect” should be revised to “affect”“of pH” should be revised to “by pH”“on the” should be revised to “from the”“in Cr(III)” should be revised to “of Cr(III)”
Language Question no. 15

COMPREHENSION: Which of the following revisions changes the meaning of the text in the following unedited passage? The downsizing and a price reduction of the electric double layer capacitor are required to put it on a car and a train. ①Therefore, it must increase capacitance per cubic meter, possible using activated carbon as electrode material.① ②We focused on shochu waste and used as activate carbon material.② Shochu is Japanese distilled liquor. ③Shochu waste occurs 2 times during the production. The shochu waste had been dumped to sea since 2001.③ But, sea dumping was exhibited based on London convention. Thereafter, shochu waste treatment has become a problem. ④We searched for the best carbonization temperature, the mixed ratio of the activating agent, the most suitable activation temperature to form a high-performance activated carbon through shochu waste.④

①-① revised to “Therefore, electric double layer capacitor is required for increasing the capacitance per cubic meter of activated carbon so that it can be used as an electrode material.”②-② revised to “In this study, we focused on waste generated during shochu production, in order to use it as a source of activated carbon.”③-③ revised to “The generation of waste from shochu manufacturing occurs twice during production, and since 2001, it was being dumped into the ocean.”④-④ revised to “We used shochu waste to determine the most suitable carbonization and activation temperatures and the integrated ratio of the activating agent to obtain high-performance activated carbon.”
Comprehension Question no. 1

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and identify the INCORRECT/ILLOGICAL statements from the alternatives below. Although the transmission bandwidth of optical fibers is considered as a great advantage, there is a problem with effective in using the entire bandwidth effectively. This deficiency has begun solved by using WDM technology that allows transmission of multiple optical signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths. WDM technology has become very popular and widely used, base on a fact that the technology is simple to implement on the already built network.

Optical fibers provide a large bandwidth for data transmission, which is an advantage.It is difficult to use the entire bandwidth provided by optical fibers effectively.WDM technology uses a single fiber of varying wavelength to transmit several optical signals simultaneously.WDM technology is popular because the implementation of the existing network is very simple.
Comprehension Question no. 2

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and identify the CORRECT/LOGICAL statements from the alternatives below. In the past few years the requirements against faster transmission data rates have considerably increased. People are becoming more demanding and their efforts lead to the need of transferring as much information as possible in as short time as possible. This situation has started to address using optical fiber as a transmission medium providing high bandwidth and high transmission speeds. However, one concern is that optical fiber is fragile, sensitive to mechanical stress and bending and the many phenomena that occur in them.

In recent years, the demand for faster data transmission rates has increased.Because of the increased demand, people are investing efforts, which in turn lead to the need to transfer a lot of information in a short time.The increased demand has used optical fiber because it offers high transmission speeds.Optical fiber is able to detect and adjust to mechanical stress and bending, which is an added advantage.
Comprehension Question no. 3

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and identify the INCORRECT/ILLOGICAL statements from the alternatives below. As an essential component, smart material has affected the property of the soft robot and also developed rapidly in different fields. Although researches on smart materials have been made great progress, its further application may be limited by the power source. Carbon nitride (CN) also regards as a promising material in a variety of applications ranging from robot, to photocatalysis, bioimaging and energy storage. Compared with other synthetic techniques, the simplest way for preparing CN is the thermal condensation of nitrogen-containing precursors. It has been widely concerned in the study of CN by changing morphology and composition to regulate its properties.

Smart materials are essential components that affect the properties of soft robots, which in turn has allowed the rapid development of soft robots in various fields.Several researchers have made considerable progress in the study of smart materials, and the absence of a power source will help us to limit its further application.Thermal condensation is simple but has been found to be concerning because it changes the morphology and composition of carbon nitride.Carbon nitride is a promising candidate material for a variety of applications, such as robotics, photocatalysis, bioimaging, and energy storage.
Comprehension Question no. 4

COMPREHENSION: Which of the following revisions changes the meaning of the text in the following unedited passage? In this study, successful synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) by the modified Hummers method, as the precursor for preparing graphene. The structures of materials were measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectra analyzer and X-ray diffraction. The transmission electron microscopy and dynamic force microscopy analyses showed successful preparation of GO films on microscopic morphology. The presentation of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as C=O and C–O, confirmed that the graphite indeed was oxidized into GO and was consistent with the literatures.

In this study, we successfully synthesized graphene oxide (GO), a precursor for preparing graphene, by the modified Hummers method.The material structures were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.We successfully prepared GO films on microscopic morphology using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic force microscopy analyses.The presentation of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as C=O and C–O, was observed in the literature; accordingly, we confirmed that the graphite was indeed oxidized into GO.
Comprehension Question no. 5

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and pick the statement(s) that is/are accurate among the options provided. The environment is negatively affected by emissions of conventional internal combustion (IC) engines, since they emit a lot of greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants. This necessitates the search for alternative fuels with low carbon emissions for IC engines [1–2]. Hydrogen, a clean and renewable resource, is considered a promising candidate by many researchers [3–5]. Automobile manufacturers have developed hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (HICEs) and tests have shown that HICEs have good power performance and reliability, with almost zero carbon emissions [6–10]. However, NOX is one of the major pollutants emitted by HICEs. HICEs usually generate large amounts of NOX emissions under high loads, which is an inevitable phenomenon and is attributed to the temperature rise in the cylinder [11–14]. Technologies such as lean burn, retarded ignition, and exhaust gas recirculation have been found to be effective in reducing NOX emissions. These studies have investigated the variation in NOX emissions with changes in the control parameters of IC engines, using experimental methods. However, the mechanism of NOX formation has not been discussed in sufficient detail.

Conventional internal combustion (IC) engines emit large quantities of greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants, which have an adverse impact on the environment.In their search for alternative fuels that use less carbon in IC engines, researchers have found that hydrogen can be used to create a fuel that may be considered promising.Because of the temperature rise in the cylinder, HICEs generate a lot of NO_x emissions under high loads through lean burn, retarded ignition, and exhaust gas recirculation.In some previous studies, researchers have focused on how NO_x emissions vary with changes in the control parameters of IC engines, using experimental methods, but the mechanism of NO_x formation needs to be investigated further.
Comprehension Question no. 6

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and pick the statement(s) that is/are accurate among the options provided. Natural water environments are threatened by several harmful chemicals derived from artificial products [1]. Many of these chemicals are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which pose a threat to the environment and human health (e.g., causing reproductive and sexual abnormalities) [2]. Bisphenol A (BPA), a representative EDC, is highly soluble in water (120 to 300 mg/L), and it is found in drinking, surface, and wastewaters because it is not completely removed during conventional wastewater treatment [5].Several methods, including physical separations ([6], [7]), biological methods ([1], [5]), and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) ([2], [8], [9]), have been developed to remove BPA from aqueous solutions. Separation methods, such as adsorption and filtration, are not suitable for low concentrations of BPA when considering the removal efficiency and cost. Additionally, detachment and reprocessing treatments for BPA are required after separation from solution [10]. BPA is readily degraded by microorganisms [11]; however, when using biological methods, the treatment time typically increases linearly with the concentration of BPA.

EDCs, which are a type of BPA, are known to result in reproductive and sexual abnormalities.Conventional wastewater treatment is found to be ineffective at completely removing BPA, as it does not dissolve very well in water.Owing to the removal efficiency and cost, physical separation methods such as adsorption and filtration have been found to be unsuitable for removing low concentrations of BPA from aqueous solutions.Biological methods can be used to remove BPAs from aqueous solutions, but a limitation of this method is that the treatment time is generally directly proportional to the concentration of BPA.
Comprehension Question no. 7

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and pick the statement(s) that is/are accurate among the options provided. We studied the way in which the Fe content affected on the contact resistance of the electroplated Au-Fe alloy layers subjected to thermal aging in the atmosphere. As there was rise in the Fe content, The contact resistance of the layers after thermal aging significantly increased. As a result of the surface analysis through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and FE-TEM, it was found that the Ni of underlayers was diffused to the surface of the electroplated layers by thermal aging, and the diffused Ni reacted with the oxygen in the atmosphere to form NiO and Ni2O3. This led to the significantly increased contact resistance of the electroplated Au-Fe alloy layers after thermal aging. The contents of Ni and O on the surface of the electroplated Au-Fe alloy layers were higher as the Fe content increased because there was an increase in area of grain boundaries, through which Ni can diffuse, as the Fe content rose. For this reason, it is believed that the contact resistance of the electroplated Au-Fe alloy layers subjected to thermal aging increased as the Fe content rose.

In the study, electroplated Au-Fe alloy layers were subjected to thermal aging in the atmosphere, and the authors investigated the effect of Fe content on the contact resistance of these layers.With an increase in the Fe content, the thermally aged contact resistance was found to increase as well.Ni in the underlayers was diffused to the surface of the electroplated layers by thermal aging through XPS, AES, and FE-TEM.Because the area of the grain boundaries increased with the increase in the Fe content, resulting in an increase in the amount of Ni diffusion, the surface of the electroplated layer had higher Ni content.
Comprehension Question no. 8

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and pick the incorrect statement(s) among the options provided. An antifreeze surface was developed by grafting antifreeze protein (AFP) on a solid surface. For efficient grafting of AFP, a solid surface was treated with tannic acid (TA) which is known to interact with proteins; and immersing of TA-coated substrates in an AFP solution brought about immobilization of AFP. Freezing time of water droplets on an AFP-immobilized Al surface was compared with that of an uncoated Al surface, with significantly delayed freezing observed on the AFP-immobilized surface. Wang et al. reported that polydopamine and hyaluronic acid coatings prevent ice formation and reduce ice adhesion on metal surfaces such as copper, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy. Our proposed method is not applicable to large surface areas; but, there is advantage that the method can proceed under mild condition and without a need for complicated instrumentation. As future work, we believe that incorporating spray techniques in the process of using a TA coating followed by AFP immobilization will provide a practical method for achieving antifreeze coatings on large surface areas.

The freezing times for the AFP-immobilized surface were found to be much smaller than those for the uncoated surface.A disadvantage of the method proposed in this study is that it cannot be used to achieve antifreeze coatings on large surface areas.The authors believe that because the proposed method does not need complicated instrumentation, spray techniques can be practically used in the TA coating process to treat large surface areas.Wang et al. reported that polydopamine and hyaluronic acid coatings, such as those of copper, stainless steel, and aluminum alloys, can be used to prevent ice formation and reduce ice adhesion.
Comprehension Question no. 9

COMPREHENSION: Read the following unedited passage and pick the statement(s) that is/are accurate among the options provided. High-density polymer brushes consist of polymers tethered to a solid substrate. Because there is excluded volume effect which acts between neighboring polymer chains and high osmotic pressure present when an appropriate solvent is used, these polymer brushes are oriented perpendicular to the solid substrate. Since high-density polymer brushes consisting of polypeptides were first introduced 25 years ago, various kinds of polymer brushes consisting of polypeptide derivatives, with helical structure, have been reported. Whereas very little attention has been paid for controlling helical structure of polymer brush prepared from vinyl monomers. It is widely known that when syndiotactic PMMA (st-PMMA) and isotactic PMMA (it-PMMA) are mixed, multi-helical stereocomplex is formed. If this notion will be applied to high-density polymer brush with well-controlled stereoregularity, it is anticipated that high-density polymer brush with multi-helical structure will be formed.

Very few studies in the literature focus on controlling the helical structure of polymer brushes prepared from vinyl monomers.Several polypeptide-derivatized polymer brushes with helical structures have been reported because polypeptides were first introduced 25 years ago.In the context of high-density polymer brushes, the excluded volume effect acts between neighboring polymer chains and a high osmotic pressure, which occurs when an appropriate solvent is used.It is a well-known fact that by mixing st-PMMA and it-PMMA with controlled stereoregularity, a multi-helical stereocomplex polymer brush with a multi-helical structure is formed.
Comprehension Question no. 10
Total - Language questions
Total - Comprehension questions
Total score
Should be Empty:

Chemistry or Materials Sciences Test

Select all options that provide suitable and essential revisions for the following unedited sentence:

Select the options that would NOT be suitable for the following unedited sentence: