Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion in Dogs
DEFINITION:
Hyperthermia (fever) is an elevation in body temperature above normal range for the species affected (dogs normal is 101.5F).
Heat Stroke (heat exhaustion) is a form of hyperthermia that occurs when heat-dissipating mechanisms of the body cannot accommodate excessive heat. Body temperatures above 105F are suggestive of heat stroke.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS:
Heat stroke can be seen in all breeds of all ages, but may be more likely in long haired and brachycephalic (short nosed) breeds as well as younger and older individuals.
Elevated environmental temperature and humidity
Confinement in a car or other area without adequate ventilation
Exercise
Restricted access to water
Obesity
SIGNS:
Signs of heat stroke are very similar to the signs seen in humans, although dogs pant more in an effort to cool themselves.
Panting
Hypersalivation (drooling)
Warm to touch
Red mucous membranes of mouth
Rapid heart rate
Dry nose
Quiet or poorly responsive, may lay down and refuse or be unable to rise
Vomiting
Blood from mouth or in stool
Seizures
Muscle tremors
Ataxia (staggering)
Coma
Death
PREVENTION:
Heat stroke is best prevented by avoiding the previously listed risk factors and closely observing your dog. If you are hot so is your dog. Remember our dogs will always try to please us. Consequently, watch closely and do not ask your dog to exercise or play hard on hot humid days.
Whether indoors or outside, dogs can best acclimate to high temperatures if provided good air circulation, shade and access to fresh water.
MANAGEMENT:
If you suspect heat stroke, stop all activity and walk or carry your dog to a cool, shaded area with good air circulation. If the symptoms do not improve quickly and you are unable to take your dog’s temperature take your dog to your veterinarian immediately.
If you have access to a rectal thermometer, you should take your dog’s temperature. If the temperature is less than 105F, you should still consider this an emergency and immediately take your dog to your veterinarian. If the temperature is higher than 105F, using cool, not cold, water; sponge or hose your dog’s entire body, paying particular attention to the underside. Use of a fan is also helpful. After a few minutes retake the temperature and repeat this procedure until the temperature is reduced to 103F. Do not reduce the temperature below 103F, as the temperature may descend to critical levels.
Immediately take your dog to your veterinarian as soon as the temperature reaches 103F or if you are unable to reduce the temperature significantly.