Thank you for your interest in the NeoEAT, InfantEAT, GIGER, PediEAT, and/or ChOMPS. We have taken great care to develop these instruments in a psychometrically-sound way. We are thrilled that you are interested in the translation of our instrument(s) to another language, but in order to ensure that the integrity of the instrument is maintained, we ask that you follow the proper process for translation and cultural adaptation of health-related instruments. These steps have been adapted from a variety of literature, which can be found in the reference list (Acquadro et al., 2008; Beaton, Bombardier, Guillemin, & Ferraz, 2000; Carter et al., 2005; Gjersing, Caplehorn, & Clausen, 2010; Maneesriwongul & Dixon, 2004; Perneger, Leplege, & Etter, 1999; Sousa & Rojjanasrirat, 2011; Wang, Lee, & Fetzer, 2006; Wild et al., 2005). Please also see the PROMIS guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation (available at: http://www.healthmeasures.net/images/PROMIS/PROMISStandards_Vers2.0_Final.pdf)
Please Note: All steps taken and revisions made need to be carefully documented and will be requested by Britt Pados for review. Steps 1 – 4 are required before the instrument can be used. Steps 5 and 6 are additionally required before the instrument can be considered a valid and reliable measure.
Step 1. Simultaneous forward-translation (i.e., translation from English to the new language) by two native speakers of the new language. These two translations are to be done independent from each other.
Step 2. A third native speaker then looks at the two forward-translations created in step 1, reconciles the differences, and decides on the ideal forward translation. This reconciliation may be done as a team.
Step 3. A fourth native speaker (who has not been involved previously and who has not seen the original instrument) then back translates the version of the instrument created in step 2 into English (i.e., translates from the new language to English).
Step 4. A team of people then needs to review and reconcile issues with the back-translated English version created in step 3 to compare it to the original instrument. This team should include as many of the translators that have been involved as possible, at least one professional with experience caring for children with feeding problems who is a fluent speaker of the new language, and at least one lay person who is a parent of a young child. If a lay person/professional was a translator, they may fill both of these roles. Once the team has resolved all issues with the back translation, the finalized back translation needs to be sent to Britt Pados for review.
Step 5. If possible, cognitive interviews in the new language should be conducted with 5-10 parents of children with and without feeding difficulty to ensure that that the language used in the translated version is understandable to parents. Please see the following publications on the development of the instruments for details on the process of cognitive interviews: Pados, Estrem, Thoyre, Park, & McComish, 2017; Thoyre et al., 2014. The cognitive interviews will ensure content validity in the new language.
Step 6. Psychometric testing of the instrument in the new language will need to be conducted before it can be considered a valid and reliable measure, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity with another related measure available in the new language that has strong psychometric properties. Please see the following publication on the process of psychometric testing for guidance on this process: Thoyre et al. 2017.