THE PROCEDURE
A vasectomy operation permanently stops the flow of sperm from the testicles to the outside, thus preventing a man from fathering children.
POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS DURING AND AFTER YOUR PROCEDURE
All surgical procedures carry certain risks and have potential complications.
During the procedure potential problems include:
1. Some men faint (about 1 in 100) when they receive the local anaesthetic needle. A period of brief unconsciousness usually resolves quite quickly. In most cases it is possible to complete the procedure when the patient regains consciousness. In rare cases it may not be possible to complete the procedure.
2. A small number of men (about 1 in 100) do not tolerate the tugging on the testicles that occurs during the procedure. Sometimes it is not possible to continue and it will be necessary to refer the patient for completion of the surgery under sedation or general anaesthetic
After the procedure most men will experience some bruising and mild pain and swelling in the days after the procedure. This will usually settle within 2 weeks.
Less common complications include:
1. Infection of the surgical wound, testicles, epididymis or urinary tract (Up to 1%): This may present as redness or discharge around the wound site, testicular pain and swelling, pain when urinating or fevers and feeling generally unwell. If this occurs you will require oral (tablet) antibiotics. More severe infections may require admission to hospital and intravenous antibiotics.
2. Bleeding within the scrotum (Up to 1%) can occur during or after vasectomy. If this occurs within the scrotum, drainage of a scrotal hematoma (blood clot) in a hospital operating room could be necessary. Smaller haematomas do not require surgical drainage, but tender swelling can last for 2 to 4 weeks. If the scrotal skin bleeds at the vasectomy access site, the scrotum can become discoloured (black and blue) for about a week; this is more common than swelling, but painless and usually does not require treatment.
3. Early Recanalisation / Failure of the procedure: There is a chance your vasectomy does not work and you continue to have sperm in your ejaculate. For this reason it is essential to have semen analysis 3 months after your vasectomy to confirm the procedure has worked. If there has been a failure you will need a repeat procedure.
4. Delayed re-canalisation (Late Failure): There is a remote chance the vas may rejoin spontaneously even after you have been sterile for some time. The chance of delayed recanalisation is between 1 in 2000 and 1 in 3000 men
5. A granuloma (Up to 25%) is a pea-sized (sometimes tender) lump on the vas tube at the vasectomy site and sometimes requires treatment. Most are painless and will disappear within 12 months. Periodic tenderness usually responds to an anti-inflammatory medication like ibuprofen.
6. Congestion: tender buildup of sperm and white blood cells upstream from or at the vasectomy site, can occur anytime after vasectomy, but usually goes away with use of an anti-inflammatory drug such as aspirin or ibuprofen. The incidence of congestion has been greatly reduced by using the open-ended technique.
7. Post Vasectomy Pain Syndrome (PVPS): is an important potential complication whereby your vasectomy may result in chronic/ persistent pain in the testicles/scrotum that last months or years. It is not possible to predict which patients may end up with PVPS. The probability of developing PVPS has been quoted being as high as 5% although the current percentage of men affected by this condition who have had a vasectomy with Vasectomy Australia is approximately 0.5% (1 per 200 men) . PVPS has a variety of causes including congestion, a neuroma, an entrapped nerve, chronic epididymitis, chronic inflammation, perineural fibrosis or damage to the spermatic cord structures. Sometimes a cause for a man’s PVPS cannot be found. Most men who develop PVPS will be able to be successfully treated with medications and other non-surgical methods and their pain will eventually go away. In less common cases patients with PVPS may require surgery such as neurolysis (cutting the nerves that supply the testicles), vasectomy reversal or other surgical procedures to attempt to relieve their symptoms. These are not always successful and men with PVPS may develop long term psychological distress or depression if their pain cannot be cured.