Stage 1: Basic principles are observed and reported
Stage 2: A technology concept or application is formulated
Stage 3: A proof of concept is achieved
Stage 4: A technology is validated in a laboratory environment
Stage 5: A technology is validated in a relevant environment
Stage 6: A technology model or prototype is demonstrated in a relevant environment
Stage 7: A technology prototype is demonstrated in an operational environment
Stage 8: A technology is completed and qualified through testing and demonstration
Stage 9: A technology is qualified through successful mission operations