Firefighters and first responders must meet stringent physical and mental health requirements including strength, endurance, agility, and the ability to lift heavy objects, alongside mental health standards that assess your ability to handle high-stress situations, traumatic experiences, and make quick decisions under pressure.
NFPA 1582 sets physical and mental health standards for fitness for duty for firefighters. The medical requirements in this standard were based on in-depth consideration of essential structural fire-fighting functions. These essential functions are what members are expected to perform at emergency incidents and are derived from the performance objectives stated in NFPA 1001, Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications.
Essential functions are performed in and affected by the following environmental factors:
(1) Operating both as a member of a team and independently at incidents of uncertain duration
(2) Spending extensive time outside exposed to the elements
(3) Tolerating extreme fluctuations in temperature while performing duties; fire fighters are required to perform physically demanding work in hot (up to 400°F), humid (up to 100 percent) atmospheres while wearing equipment that significantly impairs body-cooling mechanisms
(4) Experiencing frequent transition from hot to cold and from humid to dry atmospheres
(5) Working in wet, icy, or muddy areas
(6) Performing a variety of tasks on slippery, hazardous surfaces such as on rooftops or from ladders
(7) Working in areas where sustaining traumatic or thermal injuries is possible
(8) Facing exposure to carcinogenic dusts such as asbestos, toxic substances such as hydrogen cyanide, acids, carbon monoxide, or organic solvents, either through inhalation or skin contact
(9) Facing exposure to infectious agents such as Hepatitis B or HIV
(10) Wearing personal protective equipment that weighs approximately 50 lb. while performing fire-fighting tasks
(11) Performing physically demanding work while wearing positive-pressure breathing equipment with 1.5 in. of water column resistance to exhalation at a flow of 40 L/min
(12) Performing complex tasks during life-threatening emergencies
(13) Working for long periods of time, requiring sustained physical activity and intense concentration
(14) Facing life-or-death decisions during emergency conditions
(15) Being exposed to grotesque sights and smells associated with major trauma and burn victims
(16) Making rapid transitions from rest to near-maximal exertion without warm-up periods
(17) Operating in environments of high noise, poor visibility, limited mobility; at heights; and in enclosed or confined spaces
(18) Using manual and power tools in the performance of duties
(19) Relying on senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch to help determine the nature of the emergency, to maintain personal safety, and to make critical decisions in a confused, chaotic, and potentially life-threatening environment throughout the duration of the operation