These antibiotics achieve adequate tissue concentrations at the time of injection. Used as a single-dose prophylaxis, they should exert a negligible impact on resistance development. Their spectrum encompasses members of the aerobic and anaerobic (i.e., deep) skin flora, which may contaminate the injection procedure, notably staphylococci, haemolytic streptococci, and Cutibacterium (former Propionibacterium) spp.
Dosages may need to be adjusted in patients with co-morbidities; hospital pharmacist advice should be sought if necessary.