CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR OUTPATIENT:
- Heart murmurs - pathological murmur
- Suspected congenital heart disease (e.g. VSD/ASD/PDA)
- Repeat assessment of known valvular stenosis or regurgitation with change in clinical status
- Routine evaluation of tissue prosthetic valve 10 years post surgery
- Evaluation of mechanical prosthetic valve with change in clinical status (routine evaluation in asymptomatic patients is not indicated)
- Suspected or repeat assessment of stable pericardial effusion
- Evaluation of LV function in cardiomyopathy/heart failure
- Evaluation of LV function in ischemic heart disease (IHD)
- Evaluation of LV function in arrthymia (e.g. tacyarrthymias/bradyarrthymias)
- Baseline LV function and periodic review when using cardiotoxic drugs
- Repeat assessment of infective endocarditis post treatment
- Pre kidney transplant work up
- Lung disease with clinical suspicion of cardiac involvement (cor pulmonale)
- Suspected or establish pulmonary hypertension
- Screening of 1st degree relative diagnosed with gneetic cardiomyopathy (e.g hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
- Hemiplegic migraine to look for patent foramen ovale (PFO)
- Unexplained stroke or TIA
- Suspected cardioembolic stroke
- Syncope with heart murmurs /exertional syncope
- Suspected connective tissue disease e.g. Marfan syndrome
- Suspected or repeat assessment of stable pericardial effusion
- Pre operative ECHO for elective or semi emergency surgery*
a. Documented IHD with reduced functional capacity (<4 METS) , or/and
b. Symptomatic heart failure, or/and
c. Murmur in the presence of cardiac or respiratory symptoms, or/and
d. Suspected structural heart disease
*References: 1. British society of Echocardiography: clinical indications 2. NHAM Transthoracic ECHO guide 2018, 3. HPRB echo request form