We, the undersigned European scholars, express our deep concern and condemnation for recent actions of the government of the United States that aim to interfere in an unlawful and unjustified manner with academic life, freedom, and independence. The recent suspension of visas for international students and scholars at Harvard University by the U.S. administration is emblematic of a troubling pattern whereby governmental power is deployed to disrupt and intimidate academic institutions and communities.
These actions must be recognized as part of a broader attempt to erode academic freedom and independence through bureaucratic retaliation and political messaging designed to sow fear and enforce conformity. The fact that this latest initiative so directly and callously upends the lives and futures of students makes it even more reprehensible. While we welcome the timely intervention of judicial protections, the damage inflicted by such actions is immediate, destabilizing, and unjust.
Academic freedom is not a professional privilege. It is a cornerstone of democratic societies, and it is essential for scientific and cultural development. When governments target universities, students, or scholars in an unlawful effort to impose political preferences, they endanger the integrity of public discourse and the cultivation of knowledge. Echoes of such actions are tragically familiar from Europe’s past, from ideological purges to institutional closures, and they must be resisted with clarity and resolve.
We stand in solidarity with all students, faculty, and institutions affected by these actions. We call on academic communities across the world to remain vigilant and united in defending the autonomy of scholarship against political coercion in all its forms.
May 27th-30 June, 2025
Maria Pia Abbracchio
Niccolò Abriani
Thomas Ackermann
R. Adams
Giovanna Adinolfi
Peter Agstner
Antonio Albanese
Enrico Albarello
Nuno Albuquerque Matos
Manuel Alcaraz Ramos
Gregory Alegi
Alberto Alessandri
Gianfranco Alfano
Carmen Alonso Ledesma
Luigi Ambrosio
Maria Ambrosio
Carlo Amenta
Laura Ammannati
Claudia Amodio
Laura Maria Andrianopoli
Christos Andrikopoulos
Alberto Andronico
Annarita Angelini
Fabio G. Angelini
Alessandra Annoni
Filippo Annunziata
Antonella Antonucci
Caterina Luisa Appio
Enrico Arbarello
Elena Argentesi
Associazione Civilisti Italiani
Ozalp Babaoglu
Raffaele Badolato
Sara Bagnoli
Giorgia Baldi
Alberto Baldissera
Claudia Baldoli
Renato Balduzzi
Gaia Balp
Giorgio Barba Navaretti
Chiara Barbati
Mario Barcellona
Stefania Bariatti
Elizabeth Barry
Alessio Bartolacelli
Roberto Bartoli
Davide Bazzana
Marco Becht
Guido Bellenghi
Giorgio Bellettini
Nicola Bellini
Francesco Benigno
Giorgio Berlot
Carlotta Berti Ceroni
Vito Bevivino
Christoph Bezemek
Malaika Bianchi
Maurizio Bianchini
Maria Bigoni
Tito Boeri
Giuseppe Bolotta
Patrick Bolton
Corinne Bonnet
Luciano Bononi
Barbara E. Borg
Simone Borghesi
Tomislav Boric
Leonardo Borlini
Richard Bosworth
Giuseppe Bova Crispino
Dario Braga
Mattia Brambilla
Concetta Brescia Morra
Antonella Brozzetti
Antonio Brucato
Sabrina Bruno
Margherita Brunori
Lorenzo Bujosa Vadell
Marco Buti
Ermenegildo Caccese
Francesco Caglioti
Luca Calcaterra
Mia Callegari
Elena Calsamiglia
Roberta Calvano
Paulo Câmara
Damiano Canale
Fabio Candotti
Maria Paola Canevini
Francesco Cantore
Arturo Capasso
Ilaria Capelli
Anna Capietto
Antonio Capizzi
Achille Cappiello
Maria Cecilia Cardarelli
Alexandre Miguel Cardoso de Soveral Martins
Vincenzo Caridi
Agatino Cariola
Paola Carlini
Luigia Carlucci Aiello
Carlo Alberto Carnevale Maffè
Roberta Carpani
Federico Carpi
Antonio Carrano
Antonio Carratta
Annamaria Cascetts
Federico Casolari
Gregorio Casoni
Roberto Castaldi
Marta Castellini
Efrem Castelnuovo
Pablo Castillo-Ortiz
Tiziana Catarci
Nicolò Cavalli
Cesare Cavallini
Nicolò Cavina
Diana Cerini
Pierfrancesco Cerruti
María de la Concepción Chamorro Domínguez
Mindy Chen-Wishart
Anna Christie
Jacopo Ciambella
Stefano Ciurli
M. Kerem Coban
Elisabetta Codazzi
Andrea Colli
Alberto Congeduti
Costanza Consolandi
Giuseppe Consoli
Federico Consulich
Sofie Cools
Michael Corkery
Federico Cornacchia
Roberto Cornelli
Silvia Corso
Ciro Corvese
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
Camilla Crea
Edward Cruickshank
Vincenzo Cuffaro
Miriam Cugat Mauri
Marco Curatola Petrocchi
Francesca Curi
Nicola Cusumano
Armando D'Agostino
Tommaso Dalla Massara
Mafalda Dâmaso
Alessio D'Amato
Marcello D'Amato
Fabrizio D'Amore
Antonella D'Arminio Monforte
Paul Davies
Antonio Davola
Ernesto De Cristofaro
Sofie De Kimpe
Carmela De Marco
Juan Carlos De Martin
Alessandro De Nicola
Catherine de Vries
Bruno de Witte
Alessandra Del Boca
Walter Del Pozzo
Federico Del Tredici
Panos Delimatsis
Giacinto Della Cananea
Donatella Della Porta
Federico Della Rossa
Elena Dellapiana
Anna Demenko
Eva Desana
Mathias Dewatripont
Paolo Di Betta
Vincenzo Di Cataldo
Livia Di Cola
Giuseppe Di Vetta
Rui Dias
Mar Diez
Yolanda Doig Díaz
Angelo Dondi
Antonio Doval Pais
Moira Dustin
Aneira J. Edmunds
David Enoch
Luca Enriques
Matthew Evans
Alessandra Facchi
Gianluca Faella
Valeria Falce
Luca Fanelli
Luciano Mario Fasano
Maurizio Fauri
Nello Fedullo
Stephanie Fehr
Christina Felfe
Giovanni Felisati
Alfredo Ferrarin
Guido Ferrarini
Nuno Ferreira
Enrico Ferrero
Roberto Ferretti
Marcella Ferri
Cesare Fertonani
Gaspare Fiengo
Ben Fincham
Stefano Fiore
Tony Fitzgerald
Giovanni Flora
Luigi Foffani
Claudio Fontanari
Valentina Forini
Serena Forlati
Silvia Fre
Sandra Fredman
Justin O. Frosini
Olga Fuentes Soriano
Alessandra Fussi
Marcello Gaboardi
Maria Cristina Gaeta
Mattia Galante
Marzio Galeotti
Danilo Gambelli
Carlo Garbarino
Amandine Garde
Matteo Gargantini
Khrystyna Garvysh
Lorenzo Gasbarri
Lucilla Gatt
Gian Luigi Gatta
Tarcisio Gazzini
Nicola Gennaioli
Sergio Gerotto
Federico Ghezzi
Renato Ghezzi
Paolo Ghionni Crivelli Visconti
Ignazio Giacona
Caterina Giannetti
Francesco Giavazzi
Maria Giavazzi
Ada Gigli
Fulvio Gigliotti
Sergio Gilotta
Enrico Ginevra
Nicola Giocoli
Gina Gioia
Charlotte Girard
Nicoletta Giusti
Claudia Golino
Maria Elisabete Gomes Ramos
Suren Gomtsyan
Andrea Gori
Sarah Göthlin
Francesca Governa
Elena Gramano
Massimiliano Granieri
Giovanni Grasso
Simon Grimble
Giorgio Grisetti
Mattia Guerini
Maurizio Guido
Luigi Guiso
Jerg Gutmann
Sergio Harari
Rodolfo Helg
Paul Heywood
Klaus J. Hopt
Hana Horak
Gibran Horemheb Rubio Quintanares
Elżbieta Hryniewicz-Lach
Marianna Iliadou
Maria Teresa Imbriani
Francesca Incardona
Flavia Indrio
Daniela Iorio
Paola Iovino
Matthias Jacobs
Tullio Jappelli
Hao Jiang
Carmen Juanatey
Miriam Jucho
Jessica Kiefte-de Jong
Kimani Kimani
Knut Helge Kirkhus
Yulia Kiryakova
Jan-Pieter Krahnen
Birgul Kutan
Francesco La Fata
Ermanno La Marca
Emanuele La Rosa
Nicola Lacetera
Marco Lamandini
Kristine Langhoff
Alessandro Lanza
Viktoriia Lapa
Rachel Larkin
Dario Latella
Aldo Laudonio
Domenico Lembo
Giuliano Lemme
Diletta Lenzi
Laura Létourneau Tremblay
Enrico Letta
Giuseppe Liantonio
Mario Libertini
Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte
Margarida Lima Rego
Vittorio Lingiardi
Antonio Lo Faro
Stefano Lombardo
Sergio Lorusso
Marco Lucarini
Michele Angelo Lupoi
Tobias Lutzi
Eugenia Macchiavello
Mariateresa Maggiolino
Mohamed Maghnie
Paola Magnani
Jukka Mähönen
Paologiovanni Maione
Demetrio Maltese
Fabio Manenti
Matteo Manera
Adelmo Manna
Pierpaolo Marano
Carlo Marchetti
Giulia Carla Marchetti
Nicolò Marchetti
Piergaetano Marchetti
Chiara Marchisio
Anna Maria Marconi
Arturo Maresca
Estelle Marks
Alessandro Marrone
Edoardo David Martino
Clara Martins Pereira
Guido Masetti
Daniele Masi
Fabio Masini
Vincenzo Matera
Anna Maria Maugeri
Philipp Maume
Benjamin McKay
Ulla McKnight
Guglielmo Meardi
Irene Mecatti
Johannes Meier
Daniele Menniti
Susi Meret
Roberta Metafora
Enrico Mezzetti
Patrick Miaranda M.
Cristina Milano
Vincenzo Militello
Andrea Minto
Anne-Christin Mittwoch
Chiara Monfardini
Maria Lillà Montagnani
Elena Moreno del Olmo
Gian Luigi Morotti
Fernanda Morrone
Maria Moscati
Giorgio Moschetti
Florian Möslein
Philippos Mourikis
Federico M. Mucciarelli
Francesco Mucciarelli
Ariel Mucha
Maria Jesus Muñoz-Torres
Rabia Naqvi
Alesssandro Naso
Brid Ni Chonaill
Antonio Nicita
Giovanna Nicodano
Antonio Nicolò
Jordi Nieva-Fenoll
Casimiro A. Nigro
Mario Notari
Sarah Nouwen
Aisling O’Sullivan
Roger M. O'Keefe
Patrick O'Keeffe
Vincenzo Orsini
Patrick Ostendorf
Alessio M. Pacces
Stefania Pacchi
Sergio Pace
Antonio Padoa Schioppa
Gian Franco Pagano
Marco Pagano
Dan Paget
Elena Pagnoni
Andrea Palazzolo
Tanya Palmer
Anna Maria Pancallo
Giuseppina Panebianco
Fausto Panunzi
Letizia Paoli
Lorenza Paoloni
Maria-Teresa Paracampo
Francesco Parisi
Eduardo Parisi
Federico Parmeggiani
Manfredi Parodi Giusino
Michela Passalacqua
Luca Passanante
Maria Patrin
Andrea Patroni Griffi
Clare Patton
Javier Paz Valbuena
Marco Pelissero
Alessandro Pelizzola
Mirella Pellegrini
Rossana Pennazio
Federico Perali
Ana Perestrelo
Federico Pernazza
Silverio Perrotta
Veronica Piccialli
Lorenzo Picotti
Maria José Pifarré de Moner
Giacomo Pignataro
Andrea Pilastro
Andrei Poama
Guido Poli
Irene Pollastro
Oreste Pollicino
Alfonso Pompella
Alessandro Pontremoli
Andrea Porciello
Nicola Porro
Giovanni Prarolo
Gaetano Presti
Maddalena Rabitti
Biancamaria Raganelli
Andreas Rahmatian
Valentina Raimondi
Sebastian Raimondo
Eleonora Rajneri
Mario Regali
Christopher Rennig
Giuseppe A. Rescio
Carlo Ricciardi
Hannah Richter
Anna Ridgewell
Paolo Ridola
Clara Rigoni
Victoria Rimell
Wolf-Georg Ringe
Lucia Risicato
Marilena Rispoli
Agostino Riva
Eleonora Riva Sanseverino
Perla Irasema Rivadeneyra Garcia
Rodrigo Antonio Rivera Morales
Egidio Robusto
Ailsa Roell
Catherine A. Rogers
Rita Rolli
Alessandro Romano
Graziella Romeo
Emanuela Romoli
Francesco Saverio Romolo
Laura Ronchetti
Monica Rosini
Alessandro Rossi
Claudio Rosso
Gennaro Rotondo
Guido Rubboli
Luca Rubini
Diego Rubolini
Stefano Rusconi
Alessandra Russo
Luigi Russo
Giorgio Sacerdoti
Sara Saiz-Baggetto
Alexander Sajnovits
Emilio Sala
Maria Elena Salerno
Maria Teresa Salimbeni
Natalia Sánchez-Moraleda Vilches
Anne Sanders
Giulio Sandrelli
Marco Santangelo
Vittorio Santoro
Prince Saprai
Marcella Sarale
David Sassoon
José M. Sauca
Valeria Scalia
Alessandro Schiesaro
Philippe Schlenker
Bettina Schmitz
Giulia Schneider
Giuliana Scognamiglio
Giulio Senes
Susan Mary Senior
Anna Sergi
Sergio Serrano-Villar
Davide Servetti
Raffaella Sesana
Serena Sileoni
Gurjot Singh
Nikhilesh Sinha
Michele Siri
Beate Kristine Sjåfjell
Charlotte Skeet
Jennifer Smith
Michele Solimena
Edoardo Somenzi
Antonino Spadaro
Eleanor Spaventa
Alessandro Spena
Marco Speranzin
Piergiuseppe Spolaore
Neelam Srivastava
Alessandro Stampa
Lorenzo Stanghellini
Mario Stella Richter jr
Benjamin Storme
Giovanni Strampelli
Michela Sugni
Francesco Sylos Labini
Guido Tabellini
Giorgio Tassinari
Christoph Teichmann
Jana Telles
Benno Teschke
Maria Sole Testuzza
Steen Thomsen
Rachel Thomson
Joey Timmins
Camilla Tincati
Nathalie Tocci
Sara Todeschini
Silvia Tordini Cagli
Raffaele Torino
Valeria Torre
Giuseppe Toscano
Judith Townend
Alina Trapova
Georgina Tsagas
Ioanna-Yvonni Tsaknaki
Insan Tunali
Francesco Tundo
Enrico Turco
Roberto Turri
Davide Turroni
Giovanni Tuzet
Anna Tzanaki
Maria Alessandra Umiltà
Unione dei Privatisti
Alberto Urbani
Paola Valbonesi
Anne van Aaken
Maja van der Velden
Iris van Domselaar
Kristin van Zwieten
Paolo Vanin
Federico Varese
Leo Varnet
Carla Vasta
Daniele Vattermoli
Maria Vaudo
Carlo Vecce
Rüdiger Veil
Francesco Vella
Marco Ventoruzzo
Matilde Ventrella
Alessandra Venturini
Sergio Vergalli
Donato Vese
Antonio Vetrò
Cem Veziroğlu
Giulio Enea Vigevani
Costantino Visconti
Angelo Vistoli
Tiziana Vitarelli
Massimo Vogliotti Vogliotti
Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden
Francesco Vona
Tom Vos
Jaksa Vuckovic
Florian Wagner-von Papp
Rebecca Webb
Beate Weyland
Janis Winkler
Kutsal Yesilkagit
Armando Zingales
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