• Protection Methods for Watervliet Reservoir DWSP2

    As part of our Drinking Water Source Protection Plan (DWSP2) update, we’re seeking stakeholder input to help prioritize the most significant risks and best protection methods for the Watervliet Reservoir. This survey presents each identified Priority Issue, including a summary of the contaminant threat and the recommended protection methods being considered. You may Save and Continue Later at any time in the survey.

  • Please SUBMIT this survey by Thursday, July 24, 2025.

    This survey will guide you through seven priority issues identified for the Watervliet Reservoir (DEC-regulated facilities are not included for now). For each, you’ll be asked to review contaminant sources, assess risk, and weigh in on potential protection methods.

    Before starting, please take a few minutes to review the following two reference documents for an informed, collaborative decision-making process:

    • Raw Water Quality Summary Report – Summarized trends and data from monitoring reports
    • Contaminant Source Summary – Overview of potential contaminant sources, including their frequency and proximity to the reservoir (reference throughout the survey)

    For each priority issue, you will be asked to:

    1. Review the contaminant sources contributing to the issue
    2. Rank the level of risk the contaminant poses to the reservoir
      (1 = High, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Low, or Unsure)
    3. Consider a list of proposed protection methods developed by CDRPC through research and your stakeholder input
    4. Select whether each protection method is Feasible, Impactful, Neither, or Already in Place
    5. Provide comments to share local insight, previous efforts, or suggested changes

    Your input will help determine which protection methods are prioritized and developed into implementation projects for the Drinking Water Source Protection Plan.

    Click Next to begin reviewing the first priority issue.

  • Excess Nutrients and Pathogens Leading to Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Excess Nutrients and Pathogens Leading to Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

    Agricultural Runoff (Excess Nutrients)
    Excess phosphorus and nitrogen from fields enter tributaries and the reservoir, fueling algal growth, oxygen depletion, and water quality degradation.

    On-site Septic Systems
    Failing or poorly maintained septic systems release nutrients and pathogens, increasing the risk of eutrophication and microbial contamination.

    Land Application Sites (biosolids, septage, etc.)
    Application of treated waste materials can introduce PFAs, heavy metals, and nutrients into the watershed through overland flow or infiltration.

    Lawn & Garden Chemicals from Waterfront Residential & Golfing Areas
    Overapplication of fertilizers and pesticides near shorelines contributes to nutrient runoff and aquatic ecosystem stress.

    Warming Temperatures (Linked to Climate Change)
    Warmer water accelerates eutrophication and creates conditions favorable to HABs.

    Reference pages 1-2 of the Contaminant Summary for more information.

  • Proposed Protection Methods

    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

  • Agricultural Activities: Excess Nutrients

    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to Excess Nutrients and Pathogens Leading to Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
  • Regulatory: Require stream setbacks and vegetative riparian buffers through local zoning/site plan review (this is a useful methods for issues of Herbicide & Pesticides and Erosion & Sediment Control)
  • Regulatory: Align buffer standards across municipalities through intermunicipal agreements
  • Best Management Practices: Provide technical support and cost-sharing for BMPs (cover cropping, nutrient plans) via NRCS or conservation districts.
  • Best Management Practices: Conduct one-on-one outreach with farms, offering case studies of successful local examples.

  • On-Site Septic Systems

    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to Excess Nutrients and Pathogens Leading to Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
  • Regulatory: Require demonstration of septic suitability and nitrogen/phosphorus loading analysis for new development during site plan review.
  • Regulatory: Propose updates to watershed rules mandating septic inspection and pump-out schedules
  • Outreach: Distribute homeowner factsheets on septic system maintenance and how it protects drinking water
  • Training: Partner with County Health Department to offer training for local inspectors or licensed contractors.

  • Land Application Sites

    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to Excess Nutrients and Pathogens Leading to Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
  • Regulatory: Prohibit or restrict land application near sensitive areas using zoning or special use permits
  • Intermunicipal Agreements: Coordinate with permitting agencies to enforce monitoring and buffer zones

  • Waterfront Residential & Golfing Areas

    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to Excess Nutrients and Pathogens Leading to Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
  • Regulatory: Enact seasonal restrictions on fertilizer application and promote buffer planting through ordinances
  • Outreach: Launch education campaigns via social media, HOA outreach, and direct mail. Seasonal reminders via newsletter or mail about responsible lawn care in sensitive watershed areas to residents and pest/weed companies.

  • Warming Temperatures (Climate/Waterbody Conditions)

    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to Excess Nutrients and Pathogens Leading to Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
  • Expand Monitoring: Ensure frequency and coverage of nutrient and temperature monitoring in tributaries continues. Integrate with a real-time dashboard or reporting tool (e.g., through NYHABS).

  • Erosion & Sediment Control

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Erosion & Sediment Control

    Waterfront Properties (Agricultural, Residential, Golf, etc)
    Cleared or unmanaged shoreline properties contribute to streambank and reservoir edge erosion, increasing sedimentation and degrading water quality. Absence of deep-rooted native vegetation reduces natural bank stabilization and leads to more frequent erosion during storms and high flows.

    Reference page 3 of the Contaminant Summary for more information.

  • Proposed Protection Methods
    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

  • Regulatory: Require riparian buffer zones using native vegetation for any new development or redevelopment near waterbodies.
  • Regulatory: Incorporate erosion control and slope stability assessments as part of site plan or building permit review.
  • Regulatory: Require that permits near water include a riparian vegetation management plan to prevent mowing or vegetation removal.
  • Voluntary Conservation Easements / Land Acquisition: Partner with land trusts or use grant funding to permanently protect high-risk erosion zones.
  • Expand Monitoring: Track areas of bank loss, sediment accumulation, and vegetation disturbance using aerial imagery and field checks.
  • Outreach and Education: Develop factsheets and flyers showing examples of healthy vs. eroding streambanks, including recommended native species. Provide seed packets or planting guides at town events or conservation-themed fairs.

  • Transportation-Related Runoff

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Transportation-Related Runoff

    Transportation Corridors (Roads, Highways)
    Runoff from roads contributes deicing materials, sediment, and pollutants to nearby waterbodies, degrading water quality and impacting aquatic life. Spills or leaks from transport facilities near the watershed can introduce harmful contaminants directly into tributaries or the reservoir.

    Road Maintenance Yards / DPW Facilities
    Poor storage and housekeeping at road yards can result in salt and chemical runoff entering stormwater systems and nearby streams.

    Airports - DEC Regulated & not included in the survey
    Runoff from airport operations, including deicing and fueling activities, presents a risk of introducing pollutants and chemicals to the reservoir.

    Reference page 4 of the Contaminant Summary for more information.

  • Proposed Protection Methods
    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

  • Regulatory: Require incorporation of stormwater BMPs (e.g., bioswales, vegetated ditches) in road and facility projects within the watershed during site plan review.
  • Salt Management Plan Study: Partner with NYS DOT and County and local DPWs to evaluate salt use, alternatives (e.g., beet juice, brine), and runoff pathways near the reservoir and tributaries.
  • Encouraging Use of BMPs: Promote use of smart salt spreaders, pre-wet systems, or temperature-based application technologies. Offer training for municipal road crews and private contractors on salt calibration, reduced-salt zones, and alternative methods.
  • Regulatory: Require spill prevention and response plans for any new industrial or transport-related facility near the reservoir or major tributaries.
  • Intermunicipal Agreements: Develop regional spill response protocols between towns, highway departments, and first responders to ensure consistent response near waterbodies.
  • Encouraging BMPs for Road Maintenance Facilities: Promote protective housekeeping practices and infrastructure upgrades (e.g., covered salt sheds, wash water containment) at municipal yards.
  • Regulatory: Conduct an audit or assessment of maintenance facilities to identify leaks, poor storage practices, or runoff issues.

  • Projected High-Intensity Development

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Projected High-Intensity Development

    Urbanization and impervious surfaces
    As more land is developed, stormwater runoff increases due to the loss of natural infiltration, leading to higher pollutant loads entering tributaries and the reservoir.

  • Proposed Protection Methods
    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

     

    Urbanization and impervious surfaces
    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to Projected High-Intensity Development

  • Regulatory: Update local code to require green infrastructure (GI) and on-site infiltration practices in new development and redevelopment projects.
  • Regulatory: Require post-construction runoff volume and quality standards that match or improve pre-development conditions.
  • Encouraging Use of BMPs: Offer incentives (such as expedited permitting, grants, or recognition programs) for developments that exceed stormwater requirements.
  • Green Infrastructure Retrofits: Install GI in public rights-of-way, parking lots, and municipal facilities (e.g., rain gardens, permeable pavers, bioretention).

  • Herbicides & Pesticides

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Emerging Contaminants

    Agricultural Activities
    Herbicide and pesticide use on farms can lead to chemical runoff into tributaries and the reservoir, impacting water quality and aquatic life.

    Residential Lawn and Garden Chemicals
    Chemicals applied near streams or shorelines may enter the water through runoff, contributing to contamination.

    Golf Courses
    Frequent turf management on sloped or waterfront terrain can increase chemical loading to nearby waterbodies.

    Reference page 3 of the Contaminant Summary for more information. 

  • Proposed Protection Methods
    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

  • Regulatory: Propose local rules restricting the type and timing of chemical applications within a defined distance of tributaries and reservoirs.
  • Voluntary Conservation Easements: Work with landowners to create buffers where no chemical application is allowed, especially on high-risk slopes near tributaries.
  • Outreach and Education: Send Factsheets / Flyers to Farmers on IPM and organic alternatives; Residents on safe lawn care practices and buffer planting; Golf Course Managers on reducing turf chemical use and incorporating native landscaping.

  • Emerging Contaminants

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Emerging Contaminants

    PFAs and Microplastics from Septic Systems
    Household products containing PFAs (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and microplastics can enter groundwater and surface water through septic systems, posing long-term risks to drinking water quality and aquatic ecosystems.

    Reference pages 1-2 of the Contaminant Summary for more information. 

  • Proposed Protection Methods
    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

     

    PFAs and Microplastics from Septic Systems
    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to the issue of Emerging Contaminants

  • Intermunicipal Agreements: Partner and engage with Albany County Department of Health to coordinate septic-related outreach and oversight
  • Expand Monitoring: Include PFAs in existing monitoring efforts from the City of Watervliet Water Department
  • Outreach and Education: Send factsheets and flyers to septic user households to inform of items that contain PFA's and microplastics

  • Invasive species reducing water oxygen levels, reducing biodiversity, and disrupting aquatic ecosystems

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Invasive Species

    Recreational Activities Introducing Zebra Mussels and Water Chestnuts
    Unauthorized boat launches and watercraft can introduce invasive species, which reduce oxygen levels, degrade biodiversity, and disrupt aquatic ecosystems.

    Legacy Invasives (Eurasian Watermilfoil, Curly Pondweed)
    Established invasive plants crowd out native species, alter habitat structure, and contribute to sediment instability and long-term ecosystem disruption.

  • Proposed Protection Methods
    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

     

    Recreational Activities Introducing Zebra Mussels & Water Chestnuts 

    Evaluate the below protection methods for this contaminant source that is contributing to the issue of Invasive Species

  • Outreach and Education: Post signs at reservoir access points warning of AIS and clearly indicating prohibited activities (e.g., unauthorized boat launches). Emphasize the harm AIS can cause to the reservoir and drinking water quality,
  • Training: Coordinate with the Guilderland Police Department to provide targeted enforcement training on watershed regulations and prohibited recreational activities at the Watervliet Reservoir.
  • Physical Management & Restoration:Organize annual or seasonal removal of water chestnuts through hand-pulling events or mechanical harvesting. Reestablish native submerged and emergent vegetation along infested or disturbed shoreline areas to stabilize sediments and compete with invasives.
  • Monitoring and Rapid Response: Implement an early detection and rapid response (EDRR) program for new invasives, with citizen science monitoring and protocols for containment/removal.

  • Intentional Contamination of the Water Source

    Priority Issue

  • Potential Contaminant Source(s) & Threats that Contribute to Intentional Contamination of the Water Source

    Deliberate Harm or Tampering
    Intentional contamination or sabotage of the reservoir or intake infrastructure could result in widespread impacts to public health and water service.

  • Proposed Protection Methods
    Our goal is to identify protection strategies for each contaminant source affecting the Watervliet Reservoir, using research and stakeholder input; please review the listed methods under each bolded source and indicate whether they are feasible, impactful, neither, or already in place to help guide implementation planning.

     

    Deliberate Harm or Tampering
    Evaluate the below protection methods for these contaminant sources that are contributing to the issue of Intentional Contamination of the Water Source

  • Regulatory: Ensure infrastructure zoning includes security requirements such as fencing, access restrictions, and surveillance at water facilities
  • Emergency Coordination and Security Review: Conduct annual reviews of emergency response plans and security measures in coordination with water operators, local emergency managers, and law enforcement. Include a vulnerability assessment of key drinking water infrastructure (e.g., access, surveillance, fencing).
  • Should be Empty: