Additional Instructions & FAQs
  • Additional Instructions

  • Background

    The 2025 Statewide Housing Survey collects housing data as requested under LD 1184 to track new housing production across the state. Using Census-aligned definitions helps ensure consistency and allows us to fill gaps with Census estimates when needed. We’ve designed the form to be as streamlined as possible and aligned with data many communities already collect.

  • How to Classify Housing Units

    For each category, please report the number of new housing units added, not the number of buildings or permits/certifcates of occupancy issued.

    • Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)
      Attached or detached ADUs.
      Note: If your community does not track ADUs separately, please include them within the single-family houses category.

    • Single-Family Houses
      Traditional single-family homes, townhouses, or rowhouses. Include ADUs if your municipality does not track them separately.
      Note: Side-by-side duplexes (or duplexes that are split down the middle) may be classified as single-family houses but only if each unit has separate heating and utility meters; otherwise, report as 2-Unit Buildings (see FAQ for details).

    • 2-Unit Buildings
      Two dwelling units within one structure.
      Examples: top/bottom duplexes, and some side-by-side duplexes

    • 3-4 Unit Buildings
      Buildings with three or four dwelling units.
      Examples: triple-deckers, four-unit apartments

    • 5 or More Unit Buildings
      Buildings with five or more dwelling units
      Examples: apartment/condomunium buildings
  • What Not to Include

    • Additions, renovations, or interior/exterior remodels that did not create housing units.
    • Accessory structures (garages, sheds, barns).
    • Dormitories or institutional housing (e.g., nursing homes, prisons).
    • Temporary structures or mobile homes not placed on a permanent foundation.
  • Frequently Asked Questions

    • Classifying Housing Units 
    • Q. How should I report new housing units created through a renovation or addition?
      A. If a renovation or addition results in additional housing units, please report only the number of new units created, using the category that reflects the final building type. Example: if a single-family home is converted into a top/bottom duplex, you would report 1 new unit in the 2-Unit Building category.

      Q. How should I report mixed-use buildings that include both commercial space and residential units?
      A. Enter only the residential units, using the category that reflects the number of dwelling units. Example: Two apartments above a business, report in the 2-Unit Building category.

      Q. How would you categorize a duplex that is split down the middle?
      A. For a side-by-side duplex, if each unit has its own entrance, living space, and separate utility/heating systems, classify each as a single-family house. If the units share heating or utilities, classify as a 2-Unit Building. For stacked duplexes (one unit above the other) always classify as a 2-Unit Building.

      Q. How should I report mobile homes or manufactured housing?
      A. Report only if placed on a permanent foundation and classified as Single-Family Houses. If not permanently affixed, do not report.

      Q. How should I report permits for multi-building campuses (like senior living or student housing) where some buildings are residential and some are institutional?
      A. Report only buildings intended to contain new housing units. Exclude institutional buildings such as nursing care, dorms, or administrative buildings.

      Q. What if a project is permitted but later canceled?
      A.
      If the permit was issued and then canceled within the same year, you may exclude it.

      Q. Our community issued a demolition permit for a housing unit and a building permit for a new unit on the same site in 2025. How should we report this?
      A. 
      Report both separately. Count the housing unit that was removed in your demolition totals. Count the new housing unit in your building permit totals.

      Q. What should I do if my community does not issue building permits for housing units?
      A. Please still report the number of new housing units created in 2025. Include units that were approved locally for construction and either under construction or expected to begin construction in 2025. This ensures your community’s housing activity is counted even if no permits are formally issued.

      Q. What should I do if my community does not issue certificates of occupancy?
      A. Please report the number of new housing units that became habitable or occupied in 2025. If your community does not track COs, provide the best available count of units completed and ready for occupancy.

      Q. What should I do if my community does not issue demolition permits for housing units?
      A. Please report the number of housing units that were demolished in 2025, regardless of whether a demolition permit was issued. Include all demolitions that resulted in a loss of housing units, but exclude accessory buildings or non-residential structures.

      Q. What counts as income-restricted affordable housing?
      A. Include any housing units that are legally or contractually restricted to households at a specified income level, typically based on a percentage of the area median income (AMI). This includes units with long-term affordability restrictions required by law, ordinance, or funding agreements. If you are unsure whether a unit qualifies, provide your best estimate and note it on the form.

      Q. Why do you categorize housing units in this way?
      A. We follow Census (Form C-404) definitions as closely as possible to maintain consistency with national standards. This ensures our regional housing estimates are accurate and comparable and allows us to use Census data to fill gaps for municipalities that do not report or are not required to report under LD 1184.

      Q. How important is it to classify units into the correct categories?
      A. For both building permits and certificates of occupancy, the total number of new housing units is the most important piece of information we use. While the categories help us understand the types of housing being built, the overall count is what matters most for regional and statewide tracking. If you are uncertain about a category, provide your best estimate and note it on the form, we can make adjustments during our review if needed.

    • Reporting Requirements and Reimbursement 
    • Q. Our community has fewer than 4,000 residents. Do we need to report?
      A. Communities with less than 4,000 residents are not required to report under LD 1184. However, we would greatly appreciate your participation. Reporting from all communities helps create a more complete and accurate picture of housing growth across the state, improves planning efforts, and ensures that regional and statewide housing estimates are as reliable as possible.

      Q. My community has over 4,000 residents. How does reimbursement work?
      A. Under LD 1184, municipalities with populations over 4,000 are eligible for financial assistance to cover 90% of the additional costs associated with preparing and submitting housing data. To request reimbursement, please read the reimbursement letter and follow the instructions for submission.

    • Municipalities With Over 4,000 Residents 
    • Q. Which municipalities have over 4,000 residents?
      A.
       As of the 2020 Census, there are 88 municipalities in Maine with over 4,000 residents. These are:

      • Arundel (4,264)
      • Auburn (24,061)
      • Augusta (18,899)
      • Bangor (31,753)
      • Bar Harbor (5,089)
      • Bath (8,766)
      • Belfast (6,938)
      • Berwick (7,950)
      • Biddeford (22,552)
      • Brewer (9,672)
      • Bridgton (5,418)
      • Brunswick (21,756)
      • Bucksport (4,944)
      • Buxton (8,376)
      • Camden (5,232)
      • Cape Elizabeth (9,535)
      • Caribou (7,396)
      • China (4,408)
      • Cumberland (8,473)
      • Dover Foxcroft (4,422)
      • Durham (4,173)
      • Eliot (6,717)
      • Ellsworth (8,399)
      • Fairfield (6,484)
      • Falmouth (12,443)
      • Farmington (7,592)
      • Fort Kent (4,067)
      • Freeport (8,723)
      • Gardiner (5,961)
      • Glenburn (4,648)
      • Gorham (18,336)
      • Gray (8,269)
      • Greene (4,376)
      • Hampden (7,709)
      • Harpswell (5,022)
      • Hermon (6,461)
      • Hollis (4,745)
      • Houlton (6,055)
      • Jay (4,620)
      • Kennebunk (11,536)
      • Kittery (10,070)
      • Lebanon (6,781)
      • Lewiston (37,121)
      • Lincoln (4,853)
      • Lisbon (9,711)
      • Lyman (4,525)
      • Madison (4,726)
      • Millinocket (4,114)
      • Monmouth (4,066)
      • New Gloucester (5,676)
      • North Berwick (4,978)
      • North Yarmouth (4,072)
      • Norway (5,077)
      • Oakland (6,230)
      • Old (7,431)
      • Old Orchard Beach (8,960)
      • Orono (11,183)
      • Oxford (4,229)
      • Paris (5,179)
      • Poland (5,906)
      • Portland (68,404)
      • Presque Isle (8,797)
      • Raymond (4,536)
      • Rockland (6,936)
      • Rumford (5,858)
      • Sabattus (5,044)
      • Saco (20,381)
      • Sanford (21,982)
      • Scarborough (22,135)
      • Sidney (4,645)
      • Skowhegan (8,620)
      • South Berwick (7,467)
      • South Portland (26,498)
      • Standish (10,244)
      • Topsham (9,560)
      • Turner (5,817)
      • Vassalboro (4,520)
      • Waldoboro (5,154)
      • Warren (4,865)
      • Waterboro (7,936)
      • Waterville (15,828)
      • Wells (11,314)
      • Westbrook (20,400)
      • Windham (18,434)
      • Winslow (7,948)
      • Winthrop (6,121)
      • Yarmouth (8,990)
      • York (13,723)
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