CABC Digital Content Creator Survey
ANONYMITY PROTECTION
Your survey responses will be anonymous; it means that even the researcher cannot determine the identities of the participants. The data will be stored on the researcher’s own computer and data will be protected on a password-protected computer and not released to the public. Only designated researchers or research assistants will have access to the data. Some employers may use tracking software so they may want to complete the survey on a personal computer. You should not leave the survey open if using a public computer or a computer that others may have access to. You should clear their browser cache and page history after completing the survey. RISKS: The risk of participation is no greater than that experienced in daily life.
Q1 Dear content creator, You must be at least 18 years old and create content on social media for the public with at least 1000 followers to participate. If you don’t meet these screening requirements listed at the beginning of the questionnaire, you will not be allowed to continue the survey.
18 and over and have over 1000 followers
Not over 18
Q2 I have been informed of the purposes, procedures, risks and benefits of this study. I have had the opportunity to have all my questions answered and I have been informed that my participation is completely voluntary. I agree to participate in this research. Please check the “I agree” box below to consent to participate in the study and to confirm that you are over the age of 18. Checking the “I agree” box also indicates that you have Commented [1]: Review this, based on the tool that you will be using to distribute the survey online. been informed of the purposes, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study, and understand that your participation is completely voluntary.
I agree
I do not agree
Q3 Do you create and post content on a regular basis for audiences other than your friends and family on your main social media platform?
Yes
No
Q4 What is your main social media platform that you post public content? If you post across multiple social media platforms, please select the one you have with the most followers.
Instagram
Facebook
X
YouTube
TikTok
Threads
LinkedIn
Twitch
WhatsApp
Snapchat
Substack
Other (Please specify)
Q5 How many followers/subscribers do you have on your main social media platform?
Fewer than 1000 (1)
1K to 10K (2)
10K-100K (3)
100K-1M (4)
1M+
Q6 Which social media platform(s) do you use to post your public content? (Check all that apply)
Instagram
Facebook
X
YouTube
TikTok
Threads
LinkedIn
Twitch
WhatsApp
Substack
Other
Q7 In which province do you currently reside? Gauteng, Western Cape, Kwazulu Natal etc
Q8 How old are you?
Between 18 – 24 years old
Between 25 – 34 years old
Between 35 – 44 years old
Between 45 - 59 years old
60 and older
Q9 How do you identify your gender?
Male
Female
Prefer to self-describe
Q10 Do you have a journalistic background (with professional experience or journalism training)? (Check all that apply)
Yes, I have professional experience working as a journalist (e.g., reporters, editor,
correspondent, etc.)
Yes, I have received formal education in journalism (e.g., university studies)
Yes, I have received some training in journalism (e.g., workshop, course, etc.)
No, I do not have journalism training or background
No and I’m not familiar with journalistic ethics
Q11 How long have you created public content on social media?
Less than one year
1 to 3 years
More than 3 years but less than 10 years
10 years or more
Q12 Which of the following titles best describes your work on social media?
Digital content creator
Influencer
(Digital) Journalist employed by a news organization
Citizen journalist
Freelance writer/producer
Instagrammer
YouTuber
TikToker
Other (Please specify)
Q13 What is the primary type of content format you are creating?
News videos
Demonstrations/tutorials
Recommendations/Vlogs
Blogs/online commentaries
Video clips curated from different sources
Documentaries
Entertainment including memes
Beautiful and attractive things
Short fictional films or stories
Other (please specify)
Q14 What kind of public content do you create? (Check all that apply)
Sports and fitness
Gaming
Comedy
Beauty
Fashion/Life-style
Parenting
Animal and nature
Photography
Travel and food
Shopping/product reviews
Current affairs/politics and economy
Other (please specify)
Q15 What makes you create content on social media for the public (check the most important reason)?
Make money
Share my knowledge to others
Entertain other people
Advocate for a certain cause
Express my opinion and emotion on the subject
Promote my work/career
Other (Please specify)
Q16 Do you earn any income from your digital content creation activity (e.g., through ads, sponsorships, donations, product sales, or services)?
Yes, this is my primary source of income
Yes, this is a secondary or supplementary source of income
No. I would like to, but I do not know how
No. I have tried but failed to successfully monetize my content
No, I create content as a hobby
Q17 Which of the following do you use primarily to evaluate the credibility of online sources?
Shared by my trusted friend/expert
The number of likes and views of the online content
The publisher or author’s reputation on the subject matter
The documentation and evidence used to support the claim or argument
Other (Please specify)
Q18 Please rate your level of agreement with the following statements. I am good at:
A. Finding information I need to create the content
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
b. Determining the quality of the information I collected
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
c. Identifying fake news or disinformation
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
d.Knowing the vested interest in the sources of information
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
e.Understanding the consequences of disseminating incorrect information to the audience
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
f. Using diverse sources for my content
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
Q19 What steps do you take before sharing content with your audience? Select which one best describes your practice below.
Just share the content I found entertaining or useful without checking for accuracy
As long as I trust the source/creator of the content, I will share the content
I only check for accuracy for news content, all other content I don’t check
Check the source of information from fact-checking sites or look up other authoritative sources and only disseminate information that is verified
Other (please specify)
Q20 What sources do you use to create your content (Check all that apply)?
Online sources only, not from mainstream news media
Personal experience/encounter
Mainstream news media
Government
My own investigation and interviews with knowledgeable experts on the subject
Tips and leads from my followers and friends
Generative AI tools as a research source (e.g., using ChatGPT or Perplexity to gather information on a given topic)
Other (please specify)
Q21 How often do you use Generative AI in your content creation?
Regularly
Occasionally
I rarely or never use it
Q22 (Answer this question if Q21 answer is Regularly or Occasionally)What types of AI tools have you used in your content creation?
Text generation (e.g., ChatGPT, Perplexity, etc.)
Image generation (e.g., Adobe Firefly, Midjourney, DALL-E, etc.)
Video-generation (e.g., Synthesis, OpenAI Sora, Google Veo 3, etc.)
Audio synthesis (e.g., Descript)
Other (Please specify)
Q23 Do you disclose to your audience when AI-generated content is used in your content creation?
Yes
No
Sometimes
Q24 How confident are you in verifying whether content (video, text, image, etc.) is generated by AI?
Very confident
Somewhat confident
Not very confident
I do not try to verify
Q25 AI-generated content can pose a risk to audience trust and credibility of public discourse.
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Q26 Do you promote critical thinking and digital literacy among your followers?
No
Yes
Sometimes, depending on the topic
Q27 Have you ever been attacked, threatened, or harassed based on your sex, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender expression, or other characteristic related to your identity?
No
Yes
Q28 (Answer this question if Q27 answer is Yes) Based on which characteristics of your identity? (Check all that apply)
Sex
Ethnicity
Nationality
Religion
Gender expression
Other (Please specify)
Q29 How did you react? (check all that apply)
Very upset, worried and felt threatened
Ignore it
Refute it
Report the case to authorities such as police
Report the case to the platform
Ask my followers for support and criticize the person posting the hate speech
Other (Please specify)
Q30 Have you ever experienced or witnessed gender-based violence online? Examples include threats, doxxing (publicly exposing an individual’s private, personal information online), harassment and deepfake abuse.
No (1)
Yes, personally
Yes, witnessed it towards others
Q31 (Answer this question if Q30 answer is Yes) What type of platform-based abuse or harm have you experienced/witnessed? (Check all that apply)
Cyber harassment (sustained and/or coordinated threats, insults, and attacks) (1)
Digital privacy and security-based violence (e.g., hacking, doxxing – sharing private information, or surveillance
Reputational attacks (e.g., disinformation attacks or campaigns, defamatory statements against personal or professional reputation)
Image- or video-based abuse (e.g., sharing visual content without consent, modification of images or generation of harmful images)
Sexual harassment (e.g., receiving unsolicited explicit content)
Other (Please specify)
Q32 What tools have been used to enact or amplify that harm or abuse? (Check all that apply)
Deepfake technology tools
Social media platforms or messaging apps
Fake accounts or impersonation profiles
Other (Please specify)
Q33 How often have you experienced/witnessed such content?
Very frequently (daily or almost daily)
Frequently (at least once a week)
Occasionally (few times a month)
Rarely (a few times a year)
Once
Other (Please specify)
Q34 Did you report the incident? (Check all that apply)
Yes, to the platform
Yes, to the police or local authority
Yes, to a support organization (e.g., NGO, hotline, legal aid, etc.)
No
Q35 (Answer this question if Q34 answer is Yes) How do you rate the responsiveness you received following the reporting?
Very responsive
Somewhat responsive
Not responsive at all
Other (Please specify)
Q36 (Answer this question if Q34 answer is No )What was the reason for not reporting it?
I did not know that this was an option
I did not know how to report it
I did not expect any help or support
I thought that such content wasn’t “serious enough” to report or that it wasn’t “real violence” because it happened just online
Other (Please specify)
Q37 Have you experienced or witnessed xenophobia online?
Yes
No
Q38 What type of xenophobia have you most commonly come across online?
Cultural - the rejection of traditions that are associated with another group or culture
Immigrant - the rejection of people based on their national origin, ethnicty or religion
Q39 Have you experienced violence in the real world in connection to online attacks and threats?
Yes
No
Q40 Do you know the international standards of freedom of expression as enshrined in the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 19?
No, never heard of it
No, but have heard about it
Yes
Q41Do you know the laws governing freedom of expression / defamation / copyrights in South Africa?
Yes. I know them well
Yes. I know some of the laws, but will not call myself knowledgeable about it
No. I don’t think those laws apply to my posts
No. But I want to learn more
Q42 Are you aware of the existence of regulation for digital content creators in your country?
No
Yes
Q43 Are you aware of any Media and Information Literacy resources or training programs?
No
Yes
Q44 (Answer this question if Q41 answer is Yes ) Have you participated in any?
No (1)
Yes (please write the program name)
Q45 Are you a member of any content creators’ organizations or professional associations? (Check all that apply)
A national group or association for content creators
A regional or international content creators network
A formal professional organization (e.g., journalist or influencer association, union, or forum, press/media council, etc.)
An informal online community or support group for content creators
No. I am not a member of any of the organizations for creators even though I heard about them.
No. I am not a member of any of the organizations for creators and have not heard about them.
Other (please specify)
Q46 (Answer this question if Q43 answer is Yes ) Could you indicate the name of the organization, professional association, network or a community you belong to?
Q47 Do you create sponsored content or endorse brands and products/services?
No
Yes
Q48 (Answer this question if Q45 answer is Yes ) How do you handle sponsored content or brand partnerships? (Check all that apply)
Clearly disclose such collaborations to your audience in the post/video
Use disclaimer labels such as “sponsored content” or “brand partnership” under the post
I only do sponsored content or partnership for brands that I use as a consumer and tell the audience as such
Create the content as if it is not sponsored content to the audience with no disclosure of sponsorship
Q49 When you receive audience analytics data on your account, how do you handle them?
Only use them for my own reference in aggregate, never contact individuals or share data with third parties
Share the data with sponsors/brand partners or agencies in addition to my own reference
Don’t know how to use the data
Q50 Do you think you are influential on your audience?
No
Yes, sometimes
Yes, always
Q51 Do you ever worry how your content might affect the way your audience thinks or sees things?
No, never
Yes, sometimes
Yes, always or very often
Q52 Have you encountered any ethical dilemmas while creating content?
No
Yes
Q53 Would you find it useful to have some ethical guidelines or standards to help you better assess the ethical considerations of the content you produce?
Yes, I see clear benefits
Possibly, but I’m not sure
No
Q 54 Do you think that adhering to such ethical guidelines or code of conduct would help gaining greater trust from your followers or make your brand more appealing to advertisers?
Yes, I see clear benefits
Possibly, but I’m not sure
No
Q55 To support your commitment, which of the following resources would be most helpful to you?
Practical trainings and workshops
Clear and concise ethical guidelines
An online repository of curated resources, featuring international standards, regulatory frameworks, practical guidance, and training opportunities tailored for digital content creators
Establishment of a national/regional content creator association, network or union
Integrated tech-based tools and features to enhance the assessment of context or authenticity of a piece of content (e.g., by platforms)
Peer support networks or forums
Other (Please specify)
Q56 How do you rate the social media platform where you create content?
Supportive of my content creation
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
Provide clear content guidelines
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
Provide enough technical assistance
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
Have sufficient security management
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
Effectively protect their user privacy
Strongly disagree
1
2
3
4
Strongly agree
5
1 is Strongly disagree , 5 is Strongly agree
Q57 Do you support the following practices in social media platforms and digital marketing?
Censorship of content prior to posting
Strongly support
1
2
3
4
Strongly oppose
5
1 is Strongly support, 5 is Strongly oppose
Blocking access of content to certain age group
Strongly support
1
2
3
4
Strongly oppose
5
1 is Strongly support, 5 is Strongly oppose
Algorithm of content recommendation
Strongly support
1
2
3
4
Strongly oppose
5
1 is Strongly support, 5 is Strongly oppose
Showing different content to search engines than what is shown to users (IP clocking)
Strongly support
1
2
3
4
Strongly oppose
5
1 is Strongly support, 5 is Strongly oppose
Serving different content to different browsers (User agent clocking)
Strongly support
1
2
3
4
Strongly oppose
5
1 is Strongly support, 5 is Strongly oppose
Leading visitors into thinking that they are visiting a legitimate website, when in fact they are being redirected to a different website (Referrer clocking).
Strongly support
1
2
3
4
Strongly oppose
5
1 is Strongly support, 5 is Strongly oppose
Using bots to increase number of followers and views
Strongly support
1
2
3
4
Strongly oppose
5
1 is Strongly support, 5 is Strongly oppose
Q58 Would you be interested in participating in activities or trainings on ethical practices and freedom of expression standards on content creation?
No
Yes
Q59 (Answer this question if Q56 answer is No ) Why are you not interested in participating in such activities ? (Check all that apply)
I don’t think it’ll be useful
I am too busy to spend time on it
I don’t need to learn ethical practices or freedom of expression standards
I don’t think the course will be applicable to my situation
Other. Please specify
Q60 Would you be interested in participating in a follow-up, in-depth workshop in Johannesburg? If interested, please write your name and contact information below such as: Euston Witbooi, e-mail: euston.w@cabc.org.za
Yes
No
Q61 Please provide your feedback on the questionnaire.
Back
Next
Q62 Thank you very much for your participation. Please click the submit button to complete the survey submission.
Submit
Should be Empty: