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Survey of healthcare workers' and healthcare trainees' experience and management of health mis- and disinformation
(8-10 min; English, Français, ελληνικά, Nederlands, Italiano & Español)
About the survey
This survey explores healthcare workers’ and healthcare trainees' exposure to misinformation and disinformation, its impact on their work, and their knowledge, skills, and training needs to address it effectively. It is open to participants with patient/client-facing experience at all levels of education and specialty within the healthcare sector. The results of this survey will be used to develop a training programme that equips healthcare workers to manage mis- and disinformation with patients/clients and more broadly. This survey is being conducted as part of the ECHO project - Engaging Citizens in Honest Opinion: A Citizen-Led Initiative to Counter Disinformation and for Honest Opinion and Information Integrity, which examines misinformation and information integrity in digital environments.
Confidentiality and voluntary participation
This survey is anonymous which means that the record of your survey responses does not contain any identifying information about you, unless a specific survey question explicitly asked for it. Any personal data submitted voluntarily will be excluded from any reporting. Personal data will be stored securely on Jotform, only accessible to the research team at Health Action International and can be withdrawn at any time. If you have questions or would like to withdraw, access or correct your data, please send an email to emma@haiweb.org.
Legal notice
This project has received funding from the Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values (CERV) Programme under grant agreement No 101254012. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made, of the following information.
By continuing, you confirm that you have read and understood this information and consent to participate
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Confirm and proceed
I confirm that I am a health worker, trainee or resident that has patient/client-facing experience and that I live in the European Union (or eligible countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye, or Ukraine)
*
Confirm
Do not confirm
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Definitions
Misinformation: false information spread without the intent to mislead. For example, a family member recommends stopping prescribed medication because they saw on social media that it has fatal side effects and believe it is true.
Disinformation: information that is deliberately spread with the intent to mislead or cause harm. For example, a company markets a 'detox drink' as scientifically proven to reverse diabetes, knowing no clinical evidence exists, to increase sales.
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Exposure to misinformation and/or disinformation
In day-to-day work or training, I encounter patients/clients that mention information that I would consider misinformation/disinformation
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Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Don't know
In day-to-day work or training, I have to spend time discerning whether health information is misinformation/disinformation
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Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Don't know
Think of one notable interaction with a patient/client who mentioned information that you would consider mis- or disinformation when discussing their health with you OR an encounter with mis- or disinformation in your work otherwise. What mis- or disinformation was presented and how did you react to the situation?
You may skip or come back to this question if you cannot think of an example.
In your view, which of the following sources contain the most mis- and/or disinformation? (max 2)
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Social media platforms
AI platforms
News/media outlets
Medical journals
Blogs and websites run by non-medical professionals
Messaging apps
Health product marketing materials
Other
Thinking back on your interactions with patients/clients, are there particular groups that refer to mis- and/or disinformation with more frequently? (max 3)
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Migrants/refugees
Non-native speakers
LGBTQ+
Elderly
Young people
People with anxiety or depression
People with chronic health conditions
Parents and care-givers
No particular group
Not sure
Other
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Risk perception and motivation
I feel that the added workload required to address misinformation and/or disinformation raised by patients/clients negatively impacts my ability to provide quality care
*
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Not sure
Uncertainty about whether health information is misinformation/disinformation negatively impacts my ability to make clinical decisions
*
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Not sure
I feel motivated to address health misinformation and/or disinformation in my interactions with patients/clients
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Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Not sure
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Current capacity and skills
How confident do you feel addressing patient/client anxiety or concern arising from misinformation or disinformation?
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Not at all confident
Somewhat confident
Neutral
Confident
Very confident
Not sure
How confident do you feel addressing misinformation or disinformation in consultations while maintaining a positive relationship with patients/clients?
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Not at all confident
Somewhat confident
Neutral
Confident
Very confident
Not sure
How confident do you feel in recognising when AI-generated health information may be misinformation/disinformation?
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Not at all confident
Somewhat confident
Neutral
Confident
Very confident
Not sure
How confident do you feel identifying whether sources of information are influenced by industry (e.g., pharmaceutical companies, food/supplement industry, cosmetic industry)?
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Not at all confident
Somewhat confident
Neutral
Confident
Very confident
Not sure
How confident do you feel in challenging mis- and/or disinformation online or in public forums (e.g., conferences)?
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Not at all confident
Somewhat confident
Neutral
Confident
Very confident
Not sure
I know which types of resources to refer patients/clients to for reliable information when they bring up information that I consider to be mis- or disinformation
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Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Not sure
What prevents you the most from addressing misinformation and/or disinformation effectively? Both with patients/clients and more broadly in your work or training (max 3)
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Limited time
Fear of damaging patient/client relationship
Lack of effective strategies
Strong emotional reactions
Not feeling confident in my own medical knowledge or training
Strong beliefs from patients'/clients' family, culture or community
Difficulty explaining health information in simple, clear language
Political sensitivity
It's not my responsibility
Nothing prevents me
Not sure
Other
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Existing resources and training preferences
Has your workplace or school provided you with any training or resources on how to manage misinformation and/or disinformation?
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Yes, and it was helpful
Yes, but it wasn't helpful
No
Not sure
In which format do you prefer to learn new professional skills?
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Short online modules (10-15 min) I can do at my own pace
In-person workshops with colleagues/peers
1-1 coaching or mentoring
On-the-job practice with feedback
Reading materials/handouts
Video demonstrations
Interactive simulations or role-play
Other
What would MOST help you manage misinformation and/or disinformation? (max 3)
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Visibility of the most common themes in misinformation and disinformation in my field
Understanding how mis- and/or disinformation spreads
Understanding where patients/clients access mis- and/or disinformation
Learning about the risk of mis- and disinformation in various health information sources
Access to reliable and clear informational resources to share with patients/clients
Fact-checking tools to check for potential mis- or disinformation during consultations
Learning to explain complex health information in a clear way to patients
Learning strategies to de-escalate conflict with patients/clients about misinformation and/or disinformation
Learning how to establish my professional boundaries
Other
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Who you are
Age
*
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and older
Gender
*
Male
Female
Non-binary/third gender
Prefer not to say
Other
Country of residence
*
Please Select
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
Ukraine
Are you currently a healthcare resident, trainee or student?
*
Yes
No
Which of the following best describes your primary occupation?
*
Please Select
Audiologist
Community health worker
Dentist
General practitioner
Midwifery professional
Nurse
Nutritionist/dietician
Occupational therapist
Pharmacist
Physiotherapist
Psychologist
Specialist (please specify)
Other (please specify)
If you are a healthcare resident, trainee or student what role are you preparing for?
*
Please Select
Audiologist
Community health worker
Dentist
General practitioner
Midwifery professional
Nurse
Nutritionist/dietician
Occupational therapist
Pharmacist
Physiotherapist
Psychologist
Specialist (please specify)
Other (please specify)
If you selected 'other', please specify your primary role
*
What is your area of specialty
*
Please Select
N/A
Anaesthesiology
Cardiology
Dermatology
Emergency medicine
Endocrinology
Gynaecology
Immunology
Infectious diseases
Intensive care
Neurology
Obstetrics
Oncology
Paediatrics
Pathology
Psychiatry
Radiology
Surgery
Urology
Other specialty
If you selected 'other specialty', please specify
*
Total years of patient/client-facing experience
*
Less than 2 years
2-5 years
6-10 years
11-20 years
More than 20 years
Which of these best describes your primary work setting?
*
Hospital
Pharmacy
University/academic institution
Home/community-based care
Non-governmental organisation facility
Health facility/clinic
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Conclusion, permissions and follow up
Follow-ups will take the form of a short call or email, depending on your preference
Can we follow up with you in the future about this survey?
*
Yes, you can contact me for follow up questions on my survey response
Yes, you can contact me for updates about training materials
Please do not contact me further about this survey or the training
Full name
Email
example@example.com
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You are not eligible for this survey
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